Semester Exam

Front 1

Name the four bases and sugar in DNA

Back 1

adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. Deoxyribose sugar

Front 2

Name the four bases and sugar in RNA

Back 2

Uracil, adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Ribose sugar

Front 3

What are the 3 differences between DNA and RNA

Back 3

RNA has ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose, RNA contains uracil instead of thymine, and RNA is single stranded instead of double stranded.

Front 4

The code for a given amino acid consists of how many bases?

Back 4

3

Front 5

Describe a nucleotide and what makes it up.

Back 5

Nucleotides are subunits that make up DNA. They are made of sugar, a phosphate, and a base.

Front 6

Changes in the DNA

Back 6

mutations

Front 7

Write a complimentary DNA strand from this section of DNA: ATTCGCATTAC

Back 7

TAAGCGTAATG

Front 8

Write a RNA strand from the above DNA strand. ATTCGCATTAC

Back 8

UAAGCGUAAUG

Front 9

What is the purpose of tRNA

Back 9

RNA picks up amnio acids and drops offamnios acids when it matches up to the mRNA that is being fed through theribosome.

Front 10

What is the purpose of mRNA

Back 10

mRNA is made from a strand of DNA in the process of transcription and goes to the ribosome to be readand translated into a protein.

Front 11

Where are proteins made? And what are the building blocks of proteins?

Back 11

Made in the ribosome and the building blocks are amnio acids.

Front 12

Define haploid

Back 12

A haploid cell is where an organism only has half the number of chromosomes found in the nucleus.

Front 13

Define diploid cell

Back 13

Diploid cells mean that the organism has the complete set of necessary chromosomes.

Front 14

What is meant by a daughter cell?

Back 14

The cells that are produced by cell division, mitosis, or meiosis.

Front 15

Describe the process of meiosis. (steps in order)

Back 15

Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase IProphase II MetaphaseII Anaphase II Telophase I

Front 16

Mitosis:

1.occurs in body cells?

2.Occurs in sex cells?

3. Number of total divisions

4. Number of daughter cells created

5. Number of chromosomes in the daughter cells

6. Haploid or diploid cells

Back 16

1. yes

2. no

3. 1

4. 2

5. 50

6. Diploid

Front 17

Meiosis:

1.occurs in body cells?

2.Occurs in sex cells?

3. Number of total divisions

4. Number of daughter cells created

5. Number of chromosomes in the daughter cells

6. Haploid or diploid cells

Back 17

1. No

2. Yes

3. 2

4. 4

5. 25

6. Haploid

Front 18

What are alleles?

Back 18

The different form of a gene that governs a trait.

Front 19

15 Describe phenotype

Back 19

A phenotype is an organisms appearance.

Front 20

Describe genotype

Back 20

A genotype is the entire genetic make up of an organism.

Front 21

Complete a Punnett square with parents that have the following genotypes for eyecolor: Bb x bb (B=brown)

Back 21

B b

b Bb bb

b Bb bb

Front 22

What are the possible genotypes and the phenotypes for the Punnett Square .

Back 22

genotypes: 2/4(50%)Bb 2/4(50%)bb

phenotypes: 2/4(50%) brown 2/4(50%) not brown eyes

Front 23

agenotype with two dominant or two recessive alleles.

Back 23

Homozygous(purebred)

Front 24

agenotype with different alleles.

Back 24

Heterozygous(Hybrid)

Front 25

Identify the following as Homozygous or Heterozygous:

a. Ss b. TT c. ff d. Rr

Back 25

A. Het B. Hom C. Hom D. Het

Front 26

List the levels of classification from largest to smallest.

Back 26

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Front 27

What makes up a living thing’s scientific name?

Back 27

Its genus and species

Front 28

Scientists classify organisms based on their?

Back 28

Characteristics

Front 29

The joining of an egg and a sperm nuclei.

Back 29

Fertilization

Front 30

One set of instructions for an inherited trait.

Back 30

Gene

Front 31

Describe the process of fertilization and implantation

Back 31

In fertilization, onesperm makes it through the outer coating to the egg. The nuclei of both cellsjoin to create a zygote. In implantation the zygote embeds itself in the thick,nutrient-rich lining of the uterus.

Front 32

Where does fertilization take place?

Back 32

In the fallopian tubes

Front 33

babies that were one egg until the egg split. They have the exact same DNA and look alike.

Back 33

Identical twins

Front 34

babies that were two eggs in the womb. They don not lookalike and are no different from regular siblings except they are the same age.

Back 34

Fraternal twins

Front 35

represent allthe nonliving factors in an environment. Temperature, climate, rocks, soil, andsunlight.

Back 35

Abiotic

Front 36

all the things that are living in an environment.Birds, Deer, Fish, Flowers, trees.

Back 36

Biotic

Front 37

Name the 5 types of consumers.

Back 37

Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, decomposers, and scavengers

Front 38

both organisms benefit(a bee and a flower)

Back 38

Mutualism

Front 39

Oneorganism benefits while the other is unaffected(Remoras and sharks)

Back 39

Commensalism

Front 40

One organism benefits while the other is harmed(head lice andhumans)

Back 40

Parasitsim

Front 41

Largest part of the brain-used for thinking,memories, voluntary movement, and senses

Back 41

Cerebrum

Front 42

processessensory information-keeps track of the body’s position and balance

Back 42

Cerebellum

Front 43

-control involuntaryprocesses.

Back 43

Medulla

Front 44

actions that you think about and process and decide to do

Back 44

Voluntary actions

Front 45

processes whether you are consciously thinking about or not.

Back 45

Involuntary actions

Front 46

What is the importance of the spinal cord?

Back 46

The spinal cord contains bundles ofnerves that pass information to and from the brain.I

Front 47

What is the difference between the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system?

Back 47

The central nervous system includes the spinal cord and brain butthe peripheral nervous system connects all parts of the body to the centralnervous system.

Front 48

What does a fertilized egg develop into in a flowering plant?

Back 48

A seed

Front 49

What does the ovary develop into in a flowering plant?

Back 49

A fruit

Front 50

Inside what structure do the sperm of seed plants form

Back 50

Pollen

Front 51

stemsare rigid because they are made of wood or bark

Back 51

Woody stems

Front 52

stems aresoft, thin, and flexible

Back 52

Herbaceous stems

Front 53

The molecule that makes up chromosomes that contains the information thatdetermines the traits of a living thing

Back 53

DNA

Front 54

Helps in the process of making proteins

Back 54

RNA

Front 55

Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genesand the same size and structure.

Back 55

Homologous chromosomes

Front 56

The pair of chromosomes that determine the sex, or gender, ofan individual.

Back 56

Sex chromosomes

Front 57

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

Back 57

Heredity

Front 58

Sex cells from 2 parents unite to produce offspringthat share traits from both parents.

Back 58

Sexual reproduction

Front 59

the female sex cell

Back 59

Egg

Front 60

The male sex cell

Back 60

Sperm

Front 61

The male reproductive organs that produce spermand testosterone.

Back 61

Testes

Front 62

The male organ that transfers sperm to a female andthat carries urine out of the body.

Back 62

Penis

Front 63

The tube that carries sperm from the epididymis tothe prostate gland and urethra.

Back 63

Vas deferens

Front 64

The female reproductive organ that produces eggs.

Back 64

Ovary

Back 65

Fallopian tube

Front 66

The tube that leads from each ovary to the uterus.

Back 66

ovulation

Front 67

Monthly changes that occur in the female body toprepare the body for pregnancy.

Back 67

menstrual cycle

Front 68

A fertilized egg

Back 68

zygote

Front 69

A developing human in the first 10 weeks ofpregnancy.

Back 69

embryo

Front 70

Embedding of the embryo in the lining of the uterus.

Back 70

implantation

Front 71

The organ in which a fertilized egg is embedded andin which an embryo and fetus develop.

Back 71

uterus

Front 72

The female reproductive organ that connects theoutside of the body to the uterus.

Back 72

vagina

Front 73

When fertilization happens out side of the parents bodies.

Back 73

asexual reproduction

Front 74

Where photosynthesis happens

Back 74

Leaves

Front 75

Prevents the plant from drying out

Back 75

Cuticle

Front 76

Stems that are soft, thin, and flexible.

Back 76

Herbaceous stems

Front 77

Rigid stems that are made of wood and bark.

Back 77

Woody stems

Front 78

The process in which plants use energy from sunlight tomake food from carbon dioxide and water.

Back 78

Photosynthesis