Semester 1 Exam Review History

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1. ... were highly skilled and fearless warriors in feudal Japan.During Japan’s feudal period, thecountry was ruled by supreme military commander called a ....

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Samurai; Shogun

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2. .... served to control trade and communication, house imperial troops and signal fire protection.

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The Great Wall of China

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3. China was once ruled by imperial families known as ....

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Dynasties

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4. First industrialized city

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Manchester, England--

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5. ... ... proved that the world is heliocentric (sun-centered) and not geocentric (earth-centered).

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Nicolas Copernicus

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6. .... proposed and developed the scientific method. .

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Francis Bacon

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7. ... supported the Glorious Revolution, suggested that a man’s home was his castle where he could enjoy the rights of life, liberty and property, and advocated the belief in tabula rasa.

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John Locke

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8. .... believed that the human population grows geometrically while the food supply can expand only arithmetically.

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Thomas Malthus

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9. .... was the author of the Communist Manifesto who criticized the capitalists’ treatment of the proletariat and pushed for communist revolution.

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Karl Marx

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10. ..... is the idea that governments should provide the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

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Utilitarianism

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11. The earliest industry to be affected by mechanization was .....

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textiles

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12. The era of the ...... was concluded by the Congress of Vienna.

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Napoleonic Wars

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13. Louis XVI's purpose in summoning the Estates-General in 1789 was to ....

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consider the question of relieving government debt.

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14. The Reign of Terror was carried out by ....

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the Committee of Public Safety.

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15. .... concluded with the Battle of Waterloo.

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The Hundred Days

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16. The purpose of Napoleon's Continental System was to ......

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destroy Great Britain's commerce and income.

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17. The leader of the Committee of Public Safety was .....

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Robespierre.

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18. The Estates-General organized itself into a new legislative body called the .....

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National Assembly.

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19. Montesquieu’s theory that government should be divided into three branches is called ...

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separation of powers.

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20. The Encyclopedia project was led by ...

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Denis Diderot.

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21. ....... considered herself an “enlightened despot” because she was a patron of the arts, promoter of scientific study and lover of great literature.

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Catherine the Great

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22. As a result of the Glorious Revolution in England, ......

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Parliament became a major participant in the running of English government.

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23. ...... was the ruler who ushered in the Golden Age in England.

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Queen Elizabeth I

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24. After Henry VIII's marriage to ...... was annulled by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Parliament finalized England’s religious break with Rome by passing the Act of Supremacy, making Henry the head of the Anglican Church

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Catherine of Aragon

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25. An important reason why Henry VIII broke with the Roman church wasbecause he could not get Rome’s permission to

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divorce his wife Catherine.

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26. advanced the doctrine of predestination.

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John Calvin

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27. believed salvation would be achieved through faith , the purchases of indulgences would not lead to salvation and the German princes should establish a reformed German church.

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Martin Luther

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28. was the most influential Dutch Christian humanist, who popularized the reform program of Christian humanism.

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Desiderius Erasmus

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29. wrote the book The Prince saying a ruler should do whatever is necessary to protect or advance the interests of the state.

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Niccolò Machiavelli

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30. were the noble landowners of Prussia.

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Junkers

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31. is one of the most important architectural, cultural and historical monuments in Vienna.

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Schonbrunn Palace

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32. is a series of palaces and gardens located in St. Petersburg, Russia.

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The Peterhof Palace

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33. is the former summer palace of Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, in Potsdam, near Berlin.

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The Sans Souci Palace

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34. was the only female ruler of the Hapsburg

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Maria Theresa

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35. , known as Louis the Great, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon.

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Louis XIV

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36. was one of the leaders of the Romanov Dynasty.

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Peter the Great

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37. was the ruling family in Russia from 1613 to 1917.

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The Romanov dynasty

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38. stated “I am the state”. He meant he was everything in C17th France - an absolute monarch who controlled the entire government.

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Louis XIV’s

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39. In 1649, the English beheaded

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Charles I.

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40. The Catholic Church’s efforts to reform itself after it had lost much of Europe to the Protestants was known as the

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Counter Reformation.

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41. The ruler who created the Anglican Church was

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Henry VIII.

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42. ..., ...., and .... were Italian Renaissance artist.

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Botticelli, Michelangelo and Da Vinci

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43. accounted for the dramatic decrease in the Native American populations of North America.

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Disease

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44. is the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances.

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Mercantilism

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45. A revolutionary printing technique using moveable type was invented by

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Johann Gutenberg.

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46. The term ... discussed in the book by the same name by England’s Sir Thomas More refers to the ideal world.

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utopia

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47. The Renaissance begin around ... in Italy.

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1350

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48. Bourgeoisie generally refers to the merchant or business class?

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merchant

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49. In the Middle Ages and during the Renaissance, .... was the main language that scholars in Western Europe generally used.

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Latin

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50. is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist and founder of modern chemistry.

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Robert Boyle

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51. was the first to describe in detail the circulation and properties of blood being pumped to the brain and body by the heart.

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William Harvey

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52. was a French philosopher and mathematician

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Rene Descartes

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53. discovered the identification of the Cell.

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Robert Hooke

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54. is credited as one of the originators of the term “electricity”. He is regarded by some as the father of electricity and magnetism.

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William Gilbert

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55. is often referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy.

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Andreas Vesalius

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56. was the first to record microscopic observations of muscle fibers, bacteria and blood flow in capillaries.

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Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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57. is known as the father of modern taxonomy.

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Carolus Linnaeus

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58. is known as the father of Law of Conservation of Mass.

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Antoine Lavisier

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59. is credited with the discovery of oxygen and invention of carbonated drinks.

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Joseph Priestley

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60. invented the telephone.

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Alexander Graham Bell

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61. invented the sewing machine.

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Elias Howe

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62. invented the Cotton gin.

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Eli Whitney

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63. invented the steam engine.

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James Watt

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64. is credited with using steam engines on steamboats.

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Robert Fulton

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65. invented the Transatlantic Cable

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Cyrus Field

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66. marketed Elias How’s sewing matching (.... Sewing Machine).

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Isaac Singer

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67. contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system. He was a co-developer of the Morse code.

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Samuel Morse

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68. developed the steam locomotive (“The Rocket”)

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Robert Stephenson

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70. Based on your previous studies of the Age of Absolutism, select a monarch from France, Austria, Prussia or Russia or from the period of Absolutism to Constitutionalism in England during the first term and explain why you think this particular monarch was an effective ruler. Cite at least two specific reasons for your choice.

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I believe that Frederick the Great of Prussia was the most effective ruler. He was of the House of Hohenzollern and ruled from 1740- 1786. He trained a professional army, revamped the justice system, and modernized the country. Also, instead of creatingan empire that was ideal for themonarch, he was a servantof the state, meaning he didwhat was best for his people. Heactually listened to his advisers.