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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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o Science
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Way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the world
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o Observation
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Process of noticing and describing events or processes
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o Inference
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A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge/ experience
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o Hypothesis
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Educated explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question
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o Controlled experiments
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Experiment in which only one variable is changed
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o Independent variable
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Factor in a controlled experiment that is deliberately changed (manipulated variable)
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o Dependent variable
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Variable in an experiment that changes in response to the independent the independent variable (responding variable)
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o Control group
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Group in an experiment that is exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group except for the one independent variable
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o Data
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Information gathered from observations
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o Theory
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Well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations and hypothesis
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o Bias
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Particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific
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o Biology
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Scientific study of life
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o DNA
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Genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents
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o Stimulus
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Signal to which an organism responds
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o Sexual Reproduction
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Reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism
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o Asexual Reproduction
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Reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
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o Homeostasis
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Relatively constant physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain
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o Metabolism
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The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials
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o Biosphere
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Part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere
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o Atom
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Basic unit of matter
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o Electron
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Negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus
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o Isotope
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One of several forms of a single element, which contains the same number of protons but different numbers or neutrons
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o Ionic bond
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Chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
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o Covalent bond
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Type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared
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o Nucleus
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Center of an atom, which contains the protons and neutrons
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o Element
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Pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
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o Compound
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Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in define proportions
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o Ion
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Atom that has a positive or negative charge
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o Molecule
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Smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound
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o Van der Waals forces
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Slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules
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o Hydrogen bond
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Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
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o Cohesion
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Attraction between molecules of the same substance
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o Adhesion
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Force of attraction between different kinds of molecules
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o Mixture
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Material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together nut not chemically combined
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o Solution
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Type of mixture in which all the compounds are evenly distributed
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o Solute
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Substance that is dissolved in a solution
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o Solvent
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Dissolving substance in a solution
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o Suspension
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Mixture of water and no dissolved material
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o pH scale
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Scale with value from 1 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solutions; ph-7 neutral
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o Acid
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A compound that forms hydrogen ions in solution; pH: 0-7
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o Base
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A compound that produces hydroxide ions in a solution; pH: 7-14
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o Buffer
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A compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH
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o ATP
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Compound used by cells to store and release energy
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o Heterotroph
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Organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called a consumer
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o Autotroph
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Organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds
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o Photosynthesis
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Cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids
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o Pigment
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Light-absorbing molecules used by plants to gather the sun’s energy
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o Chlorophyll
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Principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms
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o Thylakoid
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Saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts
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Stroma
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Outside the thylakoids
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o NADP+
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Carrier molecule that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules
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o Light-dependent reactions
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Set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH.
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o Light-independent reactions
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Set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high energy compounds such as sugar
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o Photosystem
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Cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids
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o Electron transport chain
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Series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP generating reactions
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o ATP synthase
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Cluster of proteins that span the thylakoid membrane and allow hydrogen ions to pass through the membrane
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o Calvin cycle
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Light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high energy compounds like sugar
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