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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Old Regime
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the political and social system that existed in France before the French Revolution
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First Estate
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the Roman Catholic clergy
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Second Estate
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rich nobles
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Third Estate
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98% of the population, consisted of the bourgeoisie, the workers, and the peasants
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Bourgeoisie
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well off merchants and skilled workers
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The Workers
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cooks, servants, and other low paying jobs
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The Peasants
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farm workers(80% of the third estate)
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Louis XVI
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was an indecisive leader and allowed matter to drift, he paid little attention to his government advisors
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Marie Antoinette
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a member of the royal family of Austria(one of France's main rivals) she wasn't liked the minute she came to be Louis' bride
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Who were the Estates General?
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Representatives from all three estates
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Why did they meet after not meeting for 75 years?
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taxation of the second estate
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National Assembly
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French Congress established by the representatives of third estate on June 17, 1789, to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French
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Tennis Court Oath
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a pledge made by the members of Frances National Assembly in 1789, which they vowed to continue meeting until they brought up a new constitution
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Bastille day
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on July 14, a mob tried to get gun powder from the Bastille, a Paris prison
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Great Fear
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a wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789
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Declaration of the Rights of Man
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a statement of revolutionary ideals adopted by France's National Assembly in 1789
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Slogan of the Revolution
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Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
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Reign of Terror
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the period from mid-1793 to mid-1794, when Maximilien Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed
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The Guillotine
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a machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution
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Who was Napoleon?
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a military genius, who seizes power in France and makes himself emperor
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What did Napoleon do?
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In 1795, he led soldiers against the French Royalists who were attacking the National convention. For this he was hailed as savior of the French Republic. He then goes and invades Italy to end the threat from Austrian troops located there, where he wins stunning victories and gains much popularity
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Coup d' etat
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a sudden seizure of political power in a nation
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Plebiscite
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a direct vote in which a country's people have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal
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Lycee
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a government run public school in France
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Concordat
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a formal agreement- especially one between the pope and a government, dealing with the control of church affairs
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Napoleonic Code
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a comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon
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Louisiana Territory
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sold US territory for $15 million purely to gain money to finance operations in Europe, and would further punish British enemies
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What was the Battle of Trafalgar?
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An 1805 naval battle which Napoleon forces were defeated by a British fleet under command of Horatio Nelson
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What were the consequences of the Battle of Trafalgar?
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ensured British naval superiority, forces Napoleon to give up plan for invading Britain
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What was the Continental System?
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Napoleons policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to destroy Great Britain's economy
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How did Britain handle the Continental System?
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responds with blockade of its own, led by stronger navy
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What were the results of the Continental system?
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Smugglers and uncooperative allies make France's blockade fail
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What was the Peninsular War?
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Napoleons policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to destroy Great Britain's economy
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Napoleons Invasion of Russia
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Relations with Russia break down, Napoleon decides to invade. In June 1812, Napoleon's army marches into Russia with 420,000 men. In September 1812, the Russians retreat from Moscow after the Battle of Borodino. Napoleon finds Moscow abandoned and burning. Napoleon retreats, losing thousands of soldiers to raids and cold weather
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Scorched earth policy
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the practice of burning crops and killing livestock during wartime so that the enemy cannot live off the land
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Waterloo
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a village in Belgium
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Hundred Days
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brief period in 1815 when Napoleon made his last bid for power, deposing the French King and again becoming emperor of France
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Congress of Vienna
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a series of meetings in 1814- 1815, during which the European leaders sought to establish long-lasting peace and security after the defeat Napoleon
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Klemens von metternich
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minister of Austria, wanted to prevent future French aggression by surrounding France with strong countries, wanted to restore balance of power, wanted to restore Europe's royal families to their thrones they had before Napoleon's conquest
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Balance of Power
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a political situation in which no one nation is powerful enough to a be a threat to others
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Legitimacy
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the heredity mark of a monarch to rule
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