Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Shock
|
A condition in which the cardiovascular system fails to provide sufficient blood circulation to every part of the body
It is a state of collapse from circulatory failure |
|
|
Conditions needed to maintain proper circulation
|
Blood vessels must constantly change in size so that a balance is maintained (homeostasis)
the system must be completely filled with blood The heart must continue to operate efficiently (cardiac output) |
|
|
Types and Causes of Shock
|
Hemorrhagic
Traumatic Neurogenic Psychogenic Cardiogenic Septic Metabolic Anaphylactic Surgical Respiratory Hypoglycemic Electric |
|
|
Hemorrhagic Shock
|
Also called hypovolemic (LOW VOLUME)
Caused by blood loss from Ectopic pregnancy Perforated ulcer Ruptured aneurysm tREATMENT - EMERGENCY SURGERY |
|
|
Traumatic Shock
|
Severe injury or wound - causes inflammation
The inflammation causes vessel dilatation May be the result of surgery or injury |
|
|
Neurogenic Shock
|
Loss of control of the nervous sytem
Blood vessels can not change size in response to stimuli and remain widly dilated |
|
|
Psychogenic Shock
|
Commonly known as fainting (syncope)
Caused by the sudden dilation of the blood vessels resulting in brain ischemia |
|
|
Cardiogenic Shock
|
Inadequate functioningof the heart
|
|
|
Septic Shock
|
Also called Endotoxic shock
Severe infection with gram negative bacteria Causes blood vessels to dilate and plasma is lost through their walls |
|
|
Metabolic Shock
|
Loss of body fluids nd change in body chemistry
|
|
|
Anaphylactic Shock
|
Severe allergic reation
Life threatening |
|
|
Surgical shock
|
Following surgery
Like traumatic shock |
|
|
Respiratory Shock
|
Caused by insufficient oxygen in the blood
Occurs in poisoning from carbon monoxide May also be seen in emphysema, terminal cancer, and choking (airway obstruction) |
|
|
Hypoglycemic Shock
|
Low blood sugar
|
|
|
Electric Shock
|
Result of passage of electric current through the body
|
|
|
Symptoms of Shock
|
Eyes
Skin Respirations Pulse Blood Pressure |
|
|
Symptoms of Shock
Eyes |
Dull appearance
Pupils may be dilated |
|
|
Symptoms of Shock
Skin |
Pale
Cold and clammy Cyanotic (bluish in color) |
|
|
Symptoms of Shock
Respirations |
Shallow
Irregular Labored |
|
|
Symptoms of Shock
Pulse |
Rapid
Weak Thready |
|
|
Symptoms of Shock
Blood Pressure |
Low
|
|
|
Symptoms of Shock
Patient may experience |
Nausea - vomiting
Collapse Anxiety Thirst Faint |
|
|
Treatment
|
Maintain airway
Control hemorrhage Immobilize fracture Preserve normal body heat - don't overdo it Control pain Position properly Replace fluids - start IV Various drugs - to narrow blood vessels so system is filled |
|
|
If Shock goes untreated
|
No oxygen
No Oxygen in body tissues 1. Loss of consciousness 2. Paralysis 3. hypopyrexia 4. loss of memory 5. psychogenic changes 6. anuria - no urine output - renal shutdown |
|
|
Blood Pressure
|
B/P
Refers to the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels as it flows through them |
|
|
Blood Pressure Gradient
|
Refers to the difference in pressure in arteries, veins, and capillaries
Blood pressure goes down as you go from arteries to veins |
|
|
Arterial Blood Pressure
Factors |
Force of heart beat - cardiac output (myocardial contraction
Volume of blood in the circulatory system - 10-12 pints of blood is normal Resistance in the blood vessels - vasoconstriction and vasodilation - are they elastic enough |
|
|
Factors that influence Blood Pressure
|
Age
Sex - males are a little higher than females Body build Exercise Pain - more vessels vasoconstrict Emotion - vasoconstriction Certain diseases Drugs Hemorrhage - bleeding lowers blood pressure Intracranial pressure Shock - decreased blood pressure |
|
|
Terms
|
Systolic Pressure - systole - 120
Diastolic Pressure - diastole - 80 120 80 |
|
|
Sphygmomanometer
|
Instrument used to record arterial blood pressure
Blood pressure cuff |
|
|
Methods of taking B/P
|
Palpatory method - feel
Auscultatory method - listen |
|
|
Types of Hypertension
|
Primary
Secondary |
|
|
Primary Hypertension
|
Essential or Idiopathic BP is 140/90 or greater
Most common; more common in females due to hormones Causes: Vasoconstrictor impulses Hormonal imbalance Psychogenic factors Inherited factors - genetics Obesity - extra weight causes heart to work harder Diet - high salt and fat content in diet |
|
|
Secondary Hypertension
|
High blood pressure is traced to a definite disease
If you get rid of disease, the B/P goes back down to normal |
