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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is semen formed?
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1. Sperm form in testes; stored in epididymis, adds 5% fluid
2. Seminal vesicles add 60% of fluid, including fructose. 3. Prostate adds 30% fluid, acidic. 4. Bulbourethral glands 5% |
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What does the prostate fluid added to semen contain?
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Prostate fluid is acidic;
-ACID PHOSPHATASE*** -Citric acid -Zinc -Proteolytic enzymes |
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What do the bulbourethral contributions to semen do?
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-The fluid added makes semen thick and mucousy.
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What hormones stimulate semen production/formation?
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1. GnRH
2. FSH 3. LH |
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What does LH do?
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Stimulates the Leydig cells to produce testosterone
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What does FSH do?
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Stimulates sperm formation and maturation.
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What testing post-vasectomy confirms success?
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2 consecutive sperm-free ejaculations.
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What is varicocele?
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a vericose vein in the scrotum.
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What are the criteria for semen collection?
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-Sexual abstinence at least 3 days but not more than 5.
-Test within 1 hr -Has to be liquified -Maintain at body temp while waiting. |
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What are normal characteristics of sperm?
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-white/yellowgray/graywhite
-opaque -coagulated -liquifies in 10-20 in -viscous |
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what is the normal VOLUME of semen?
-pH? -Motility? |
Vol = 1.5 - 5 ml
pH = 7.2 - 8.0 Motility: 40-100% should still be within 2 hrs of ejaculation. |
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What is a normal sperm count?
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20 - 200 million / ml
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What cells are normally in semen?
-How many? |
WBC: <1million/mL
RBC: NONE |
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How much Fructose/Citric acid should be found in semen?
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Fructose: 60-600 mg/dl
Citric acid: 90-1400 mg/dl |
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on to fecal analysis
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ok
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What is a random specimen collection used for analyzing?
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cells
blood bacteria 1 time is enough |
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What is a timed collection used to analyse?
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fecal fat; collected for 3 days on a restricted diet.
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What is a restricted diet collection used to analyse?
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fecal fat
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what is the purpose of examining fecal matter microscopically for fecal leukocytes?
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-Check for parasites, viral and bacterial toxins in diarrhea.
-Differentiate condition of intestinal wall caused by invasive bacterial pathogens or ulcerative colitis. |
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what bacterial pathogens invade the intestinal cell wall?
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-Salmonella
-Shigella etc |
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What number of fecal leukocytes denotes normal bacterial toxins versus invasive?
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normal: <1-3/hpf
invasive: >3/hpf |
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What methods are used to evaluate fecal fat?
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-Microscopic
-Macroscopic -Chemical |
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How much fat should be seen on the microscopic exam?
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<60 fat globules per hpf
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How is fecal fat qualitatively and macroscopically evaluated?
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Because fat is caused by bile duct obstructions and pancreatic disorders, poop will have a bulky/frothy appearance.
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How is a chemical analysis of fecal fat done?
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-3 day collection in paint can.
-Restricted diet -Convert lipids ->fatty acids, titrate with NaOH. |
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What is normal chemical result for fecal fat?
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>or equal to 95% should be retained by the body.
-Fecal fat over 6.5g/day is way too much excretion. |
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What are 5 causes of blood in feces?
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1. Colorectal cancer
2. Ulcers 3. Hemorrhoids 4. Drugs 5. Dysentary |
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How is fecal occult blood tested for?
(what is the indicator?) |
Dipstick - same rxtn as urine.
Blue chromogen = GUALAC |
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How is fetal hgb in feces detected?
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APT test
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