Sem2 Yr9 History

Front 1

How did the federation debates come into the forefront?

Back 1

The federation debate came to a high priority to the public’s eye through politicians like Alfred Deakin, Henry Parkes and Edmund Barton.

Front 2

Why did Australians support federation?

Back 2

Australians supported federation because it invoked nationalism in them, a sense of unity in the Australian public brought to their attention by things happening around them, like the painting styles by Australian artists, and the poems about the Australian unique landscapes.

Front 3

For Federation

Back 3

• Uniting people of English heritage
• Look after their coastline with a better combined military force
• Decrease reliance on British Navy
• As a nation, the colonies could attract loans and invest better,
• United stand on immigrants like the Chinese.
• Free trade would be cheaper on the market and on production.

Front 4

Against Federation

Back 4

• Federation would be costly and expensive to set up a central city/parliament.
• People felt inclined towards their own colony and negative towards others.
• People living in smaller colonies could become dominated by larger ones.
• Trade between smaller colonies would be harder if the bigger ones had taken over them.
• Colonies were jealous of others and feared that they would have more attention (NSW feared of Victoria being capital city).

Front 5

Who were the major players in Federation?

Back 5

Sir Henry Parkes gave the Tenterfield Oration 1889.
Alfred Deakin advocated Federation.
Edmund Barton was the first prime minister under the federation.

Front 6

What issues were there between the states/territories?

Back 6

Queensland feared trade blocks. News South Wales did not want Federation because they hated Victoria and the chance that Victoria could be the capital of Australia. Western Australia thought that other colonies would have more power because they were larger.

Front 7

What happened in the first referendum?

Back 7

The first referendum failed because the majority did not vote yes.

Front 8

Why was the parliament originally opened in Melbourne?

Back 8

The first parliament opened at Melbourne until a capital city could be established.

Front 9

What is the House of the Senate?

Back 9

The House of the Senate has an equal number of senators from each state. The Senate introduces Bills. They must be approved by the Senate and the Representatives before becoming a law.

Front 10

What is the House of Representatives?

Back 10

The House of Representatives comprises of parties of roughly the same size and the party who gains most seats in the House of Representatives become the Government. The next largest becomes the Opposition. The leaders of both parties sit there.

Front 11

What is the constitution?

Back 11

A constitution is a set of rules outlining the structure and powers of the government.

Front 12

What is a double dissolution?

Back 12

When there is a deadlock between two houses (Senate and Representatives) where they cannot agree/compromise for Bills being proposed by either of them, The Governor General can dissolve both of them (double dissolution), meaning that he/she can issue all of the seats in both Houses free. Then the Governor-General will hold an election for the seats.

Front 13

What powers were given to the federal governments?

Back 13

The federal government can make laws that apply to all of Australia. Laws start as Bills, then it goes through both houses then Governor General then becomes an Act of Parliament.

Front 14

What powers were given to the State?

Back 14

The state can make laws. It can make referendums. It basically has the same powers as the Senate because members of the states go to the Senate.

Front 15

Why is Canberra the Capital City?

Back 15

Canberra was in the middle of Sydney and Melbourne. It was inland so it couldn’t be attacked by shore.

Front 16

When did Australians start to view themselves as distinctly Australian?

Back 16

After the 1850s and the late 1800s, Australians were starting to form a national identity.

Front 17

What were typical Australian characterstics?

Back 17

• Lack of class distinctions – didn’t’ care if one was wealthy, a working class or a peasant.
• Respect for ability not just authority
• Spirit of independence and resourcefulness
• Mateship
• A view that everyone deserves a fair go

Front 18

Who were some writers at the time and what did they write about?

Back 18

Henry Lawson – bush life and the loneliness of the bush
Barbara Baynton – explored similar themes, although she didn’t like bush life even more.
Banjo Patterson – was a poet who wrote mostly about the Australian landscape.

Front 19

Why were paintings from the Heidelberg school typically Australian?

Back 19

Heidelberg School was a term used to describe artist that painted in the outskirts of Melbourne. Artists like this depicted the light dirt colours. They did not incorporate a European style of painting, rather an Australian one. They show the hardships of Bush Life.

Front 20

Were these paintings accurate about Australian life?

Back 20

They weren’t entirely accurate in portraying the average Australian, because they ignored the fact that most Australians lived in towns and cities. But the people who lived in the countryside were considered to be quite Australian as well.

Front 21

Did national identity help with federation?

Back 21

Australians who looked to a national identity were those who were strongest in reason to vote for federation. The Issue with federation is that Australia should unite under one banner. An Australian nationalism would mean that also. So nationalism did help towards the fight for federation.

Front 22

What was the Alliance system?

Back 22

The Alliance system was a system of two major alliances as well as neutral countries. Austria-Hungary, Bosnia, Italy and Germany were all part of the ‘Triple Entente’ alliance, also known as the Axis. The ‘Triple Alliance’ was comprised mainly of Great Britain, France and the Russian Empire.

Front 23

What started WW1?

Back 23

In 1914, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand was shot, and he was the heir to the Austro Hungarian throne by a Serbian nationalist.

Front 24

What lead to gloabal war after the instigation by Serbians?

Back 24

The Austro Hungarian government blamed Serbia and declared war on 28 July. In the next 4 weeks, the other main powers of Europe joined the war. Germany offers support to Austria Hungary. If Serbia couldn’t meet their demands, they would be declared war upon. Russia sees this as war and joins Serbia. Germany declares war on Russia. France supports Russia. Germany declares war on France. Germany invades Belgium, a neutral country. Britain feels threatened and declares war on Germany.

Front 25

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

Back 25

The Treaty Of Versailles was treaty made after WW1 that restricted Germany from doing certain things. It officially ended WW1. Many think it was the cause of WW2. It was very harsh towards the Germans.

Front 26

Who were the Big Four?

Back 26

. The ‘Big Four’, the four major leaders of the four countries seeking to control Germany to gain something, wrote the Treaty.

Front 27

What did France want form the Treaty?

Back 27

Clemenceau from France wanted Germany not to invade France and that they should pay for the damage from WW1.

Front 28

What did Britain want from the Treaty?

Back 28

LLoyd-Gearge from Britain said he wanted to punish the Germans, although he thought that Germany needed to recover because Germany was an important trading partner. He also needed Germany to protect Britain from communism from Russia.

Front 29

What did America want from the Treaty?

Back 29

Wilson from America wanted the Treaty to be based on his fourteen points, and that Germany should be punished enough but not too much to make Germany feel resentful. He set up a League of Nations to settle disputes.

Front 30

What did Italy want from the Treaty?

Back 30

Italy was another of the four, but they did not feel that they needed something from Germany.

Front 31

What did Germany lose in the Treaty?

Back 31

In the Treaty, Germany mainly lost armed forces, tanks, air force, the Rhineland of the west to be demilitarised, to have the Allies occupy the Rhineland for fifteen years, to have no submarines or battleships. They were also blamed for the war and being forced to accept this. They had to pay 6 billion pounds.

Front 32

What did Hitler think of the Treaty?

Back 32

Hitler and the other Nazi support parties felt rashly about this. He reversed decisions made by the Treaty and wanted to get back into the war, he reinrtroduced conscription, sent troops to the rhineland and introduced a plan to get the German economy back up. Germany, Italy and Japan all wanted to recreate power and wealth, as well as a large empire.

Front 33

What officially started WW2?

Back 33

Hitler claimed part of Czechoslovakia and Britain France and Italy let him have it, thinking that Hitler wouldn’t take any more land. In 1939, he took over Czechoslovakia and Poland and Britain and France declared war.

Front 34

What significant points were there to the Great Depression in Australia?

Back 34

• Australia had a huge foreign debt due to infrastructure projects during the 1920s before the Wall St Crash.
• The Dole was payments that were small payments and didn’t really pay for basic needs. Many people had to live on this. Even after receiving their Dole, they had to walk long distances to pick up their small rations.
• 400,000 lived in makeshift dwellings.
• 30,000 were homeless.