Sem 4 Week 7 Lecture 1

Front 1

AP

Back 1

-depend on Na+/K+ channels
-electrical along nerve

Front 2

NT

Back 2

Chemical at nerve ending

Front 3

Response=

Back 3

Transmitter + Receptor

Front 4

CNS acts on which 3 systems?

Back 4

-Peripheral
-Autonomic
-Somatic

Front 5

NT for sympathetic NS ?

Back 5

Noradrenaline

Front 6

Norad acts on

Back 6

Alpha & Beta receptors

Front 7

Parasympathetic NS uses

Back 7

ACh as NT(pupil constriction and Increased salivation)

Front 8

Ach acts on

Back 8

Muscarinic receptors.

Front 9

NT for somatic system?

Back 9

ACh--> acts on Nicotinic receptors(MUSCLES)

Front 10

Some drugs that affect PNS can have

Back 10

Dramatic CNS effects

Front 11

Receptors important for

Back 11

Transmitter recognition & signal transduction.

Front 12

Ion channels important for

Back 12

AP propagation and NT release

Front 13

Enzymes

Back 13

Transmitter synthesis/inactivation

Front 14

Transporters

Back 14

Transmitter synthesis/inactivation.

Front 15

Steps common in both CNS & PNS where drugs can act ?

Back 15

-Synthesis,storage,release & inactivation of NT,activation of receptors on target tissue.

Front 16

Cerebral cortex

Back 16

-Abstract thought
-memory
-Consciousness

Front 17

Mesencephalon

Back 17

-Emotion
-Motivation
-motor coordination,memory

Front 18

Cerebellum

Back 18

-Mvt and posture

Front 19

Brainstem

Back 19

Reflex co-ordination of CV and respiratory systems

Front 20

Spinal cord

Back 20

afferent and efferent neural connection to periphery.

Front 21

Peripheral NT

Back 21

ACh & NORAD.

Front 22

Monoamines NTs

Back 22

Adrenaline,Dopamine,Serotonin

Front 23

Amino acids NTs

Back 23

GABA & glutamate

Front 24

Peptides NT

Back 24

Opioids

Front 25

Small molecules NT

Back 25

Nitric oxide

Front 26

How are drugs that INCREASE Norad and Serotonin levels called?

Back 26

Antidepressants

Front 27

In the tx of Parkinson's disease,we use drugs that

Back 27

Increase dopamine in basal ganglia(need to balance with Increased dopamine in other areas of brain-schizo/drug dependence)

Front 28

In the tx of EPILEPSY,we use drugs that

Back 28

Increase GABA activity in brain

Front 29

Drugs that inhibit muscarinic ACh receptors

Back 29

are use to treat some of the symptoms of Parkinson's/

Front 30

Potential use of drugs that increase ACh levels in tx of

Back 30

Alzheimer's disease.

Front 31

Centrally acting drugs are generally assoc. with

Back 31

numerous side effects.

Front 32

Dopamine D2 receptor function in

Back 32

Schizo.

Front 33

Chemical signalling is not only important for communication of info between neurones but also for their

Back 33

Survival

Front 34

Neurotrophic factors

Back 34

-maintain neuronal integrity/vital for nerve function
-loss of factors leads to nerve cell degeneration.

Front 35

Norad. pathway

Back 35

Tyrosine-->L-DOPA-->Dopamine-->Norad.

Front 36

What is the max. V1 enz. in the above pathway?

Back 36

Tyrosine hydroxylase

Front 37

Dopa carboxylase acts

Back 37

On L-DOPA --> dopamine

Front 38

Dopamine is taken up by

Back 38

vesicles(previous steps in the pathway takes place in cytoplasm)

Front 39

Where does the rn. involving dopamine takes place?

Back 39

Inside vesicles--> dopamine Beta hydroxylase--> Noradrenaline

Front 40

Tyrosine hydroxylase acts on

Back 40

tyrosine--> L-DOPA

Front 41

Amphetamine displaces

Back 41

NA from vesicles(wakefulness but psychoses)

Front 42

L-DOPA

Back 42

for Parkinson's pts

Front 43

"Reserpin"

Back 43

Lost libido /erectile dysfunction.

Front 44

Norad. inactivation

Back 44

Uptake followed by metabolism

Front 45

2 types of uptake of NA occurs:-

Back 45

-Neuronal uptake
-Extra neuronal uptake

Front 46

2 enz. involved in metabolism of NA :-

Back 46

-COMT
-MAO

Front 47

Drug interfering with neuronal uptake of NA

Back 47

Cocaine

Front 48

Drug interfering with metabolism of NA

Back 48

Moclobemide

Front 49

Both drugs above can affect

Back 49

Mood.

Front 50

NA affect

Back 50

-Mood
-BP

Front 51

ACh affect

Back 51

-Memory
-Learning
-Motor function

Front 52

Depression assoc. with

Back 52

Falls in Norad.,Dopamine,Serotonin in brain.

Front 53

Inhibition of uptake

Back 53

Elevates mood.

Front 54

Cocaine blocks

Back 54

Serotonin & dopamine uptake

Front 55

Dopamine assoc. with

Back 55

Dependence and psychoses.

Front 56

SSRIs

Back 56

Selective Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors

Front 57

SSRIs

Back 57

Effective Antidepressants.

Front 58

Serotonin causes

Back 58

Psychoses + hallucinations.

Front 59

Monoamine oxidase inhibition

Back 59

Elevates mood.

Front 60

Monoamine oxidase A

Back 60

Norad. is preferred susbtrate

Front 61

Monoamine oxidase A INHIBITORS used for

Back 61

depression

Front 62

Monoamine oxidase B

Back 62

Dopamine is preferred substrate for metabolism.

Front 63

Monoamine oxidase B INHIBITORS used for

Back 63

Parkinson's.

Front 64

By interfering with synthesis and inactivation,

Back 64

Reduced specificity.

Front 65

Transmitter-receptor interaction provides

Back 65

Greatest specificity.(existence of receptor subtypes-D1/D2 receptors)

Front 66

For greater specificity,we target

Back 66

Receptor subtype.

Front 67

Receptor types

Back 67

-Ligand gated
-G-protein coupled
-Tyrosine kinase
-Cytoplasmic/nuclear

Front 68

Ligand gated receptors

Back 68

-Use Ions/Ca2+ conc. change
-Milliseconds

Front 69

G-protein coupled receptors

Back 69

-Muscarinic
-Alpha & Beta adrenoceptors
-Second messengers
-Ca2+ release
-Protein phosphorylation
-Seconds

Front 70

Tyrosine kinase receptors

Back 70

-Second messengers
-Minutes

Front 71

Cytoplasmic/nuclear receptors

Back 71

-mRNA synthesis
-pz synthesis
-Hours

Front 72

Pre synaptic input to neurones :-

Back 72

-nerve terminals
-Modulation of release(autoreceptors such as NT/heteroreceptors-1 nerve regulating release of another one)

Front 73

Post-synaptic input to neurones

Back 73

-Cell body/dendrites
-AP generation.

Front 74

Epilepsy

Back 74

Excessive discharge of motor nerves

Front 75

Rx to treat epilepsy

Back 75

-Reduce excitatory input
-Enhance inhibitory input

Front 76

GABA

Back 76

inhibitory

Front 77

Glutamate

Back 77

Excitatory

Front 78

Phenytoin

Back 78

Limits excitatory nerve activation-stops firing of AP