Sem 4 Week 6 Lecture 2

Front 1

Surrounding unimodal regions is where

Back 1

Processing for the particular modality begins to take place.

Front 2

Adjacent motor area is where

Back 2

Motor commands are generated.

Front 3

Information from a no. of sensory modalities(multimodal) are integrated and linked with

Back 3

Motor cortices-substrates for highest brain fucntions of thought,perception,planning,memory,language.

Front 4

What is association cortex?

Back 4

All of neocortex other than those areas directly concerned with processing of sensory information and with control of mvt.

Front 5

Cognition

Back 5

Knowing and perceiving involves thought,memory,use of language,planning of action.

Front 6

Affect

Back 6

Emotion and feeling

Front 7

What are the 3 assoc. cortex?

Back 7

-Anterior association cortex(prefrontal)
-Posterior association cortex(Parieto-temporal-occipital)
-Limbic association cortex(medial surface of brain)

Front 8

Anterior association cortex responsible for :

Back 8

-Cognition
-behaviour
-Motor planning
-Executive functionning(working memory)

Front 9

Describe the route taken by sensory pathways converying visual,auditory,somatic information.

Back 9

-Project from specific primary area
-To Unimodal association area
-To Multimodal assoc. areas in prefrontal,parieto-temporal and limbic cortex.

Front 10

Ant. Assoc. cortex

Back 10

-25 % of total human neocortex
-Granular cortex(laminar 4 and contrasts with agranular cortex of motor & premotor areas)

Front 11

Ant. Assoc. cortex receives input from

Back 11

-Dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus
-Cortical areas EXCEPT from primary motor and sensory areas.

Front 12

Dorsomedial nucleus receives input from

Back 12

Amygdala,Hypothalamus,olfactory complex.

Front 13

Ant. assoc. cortex also receives afferent projections from CONTRALATERAL prefrontal area.

Back 13

True

Front 14

Output of Ant. Assoc. Area is

Back 14

Premotor area-->motor cortex

Front 15

Pts with disconnection of prefrontal lobe from rest of brain will have

Back 15

Behavioural deficits in cognition and motor planning.

Front 16

If lesion includes orbitofrontal cortex,

Back 16

Cognitive impairment and general FLATTENING of emotional behaviour.

Front 17

Posterior Assoc. Cortex located at

Back 17

junction of parietal,temporal,occipital lobes

Front 18

Post. Assoc. Cortex

Back 18

Language and higher sensory functions(includes Wernicke in dominant hemisphere)-->lesion causes aphasia

Front 19

In non dominant hemisphere,what does post. assoc. cortex include instead of Wernicke's?

Back 19

-Appreciation of spatial orientation of objects and prosody(emotional content of speech)-->lesion causes HEMINEGLECT syndrome.

Front 20

Posterior parietal area involved with

Back 20

Integrating diff. sensory modalities & using info. to DIRECT BEHAVIOUR.

Front 21

Language is represented in left hemisphere in

Back 21

90% of ppl.

Front 22

Right hemisphere language representation

Back 22

5%

Front 23

Language represented in both hemispheres in

Back 23

5% ppl

Front 24

What is used to localize speech areas during surgery?

Back 24

-Sodium Amytal(barbiturate)

Front 25

What % of Right handed ppl have LEFT hemisphere speech ?

Back 25

96 %

Front 26

What % of Left handed ppl have LEFT hemisphere speech?

Back 26

70 %

Front 27

What % of left handed ppl have RIGHT hemisphere speech?

Back 27

15 %

Front 28

What % of left handed ppl have speech represented in BOTH hemispheres?

Back 28

15 %(thicker corpus callosum)

Front 29

Upto 8-10 y.o, kids can use Right hemi for language if damage to left hemi.

Back 29

True

Front 30

Signs and symptoms of pts with major intercerebral commisures sectioned(split brain) :-

Back 30

-Unable to describe verbally or in writing objects presented in left hand or left hemifield
-Same objects presented to right hand or right visual hemifield,with input to left hemisphere,are readily described.
-Right hemisphere better able to process visuospatial info. than does left hemisphere.

Front 31

Limbic assoc. cortex includes

Back 31

-Orbitofrontal cortex
-Cingulate gyrus
-parts of temporal lobe(parahippocampal gyrus)

Front 32

Limbic assoc. cortex receives inputs from

Back 32

-Anterior and dorsal nuclei of thalamus
-Higher sensory order areas

Front 33

Limbic assoc. cortex has efferent projections to

Back 33

-Prefrontal cortex
-other cortical areas like hippocampal formation and amygdala.(thru these connections,emotional behaviour affects motor planning.)

Front 34

What is important in conversion of short term memory to long term ?

Back 34

Hippocampus.

Front 35

Functions of limbic assoc. cortex

Back 35

1.Emotional behaviour(orbitofrontal cortex & cingulate gyrus)-->amygdala
2.Memory formation (hippocampal and temporal lobe formations)
3.thru connections to limbic systems,it influences hypothalamus-->endocrine & ANS.

Front 36

Amygdala

Back 36

-part of limbic system concerned with social behaviour & expression of emotion.
-important for experience & expression of emotion.

Front 37

Amygdala appears important in brain circuitry that processes

Back 37

Fear and aggression.

Front 38

While females are good at verbal fluency,

Back 38

males are better at spatial tasks.

Front 39

Boys tend to develop a greater

Back 39

Hemisphere specialisation for language at an earlier age(lateralized earlier)

Front 40

Boys more susceptible to perinatal brain damage.

Back 40

True

Front 41

Brain undergoes hormonally dependent sexual differentiation.

Back 41

true

Front 42

Sexually dimorphic nucleus of Preoptic area in rats in

Back 42

5 times larger in male than female due to larger no. of neurons(testosterone might prevent programmed cell death in male)

Front 43

In humans,interstitial nucleus of anterior hypothalamus-3 is larger in

Back 43

Men than women.

Front 44

Hormone induced modifications in brain structures are not limited to development.

Back 44

True-in rats,significant changes in no. of hippocampal synapses over the oestrus cycle.

Front 45

If language centres are damaged in childhood,they can transfer to undamaged side more successfully in

Back 45

Females