Self-Identity And Group Identity

Front 1

Self-concept/Self-identity

Back 1

Sum of an individual's knowledge and understanding of his-or herself.

Front 2

Self-consciousness

Back 2

Awareness of one's self.

Front 3

Self-schemas

Back 3

Beliefs that a person has about him- or herself.

Front 4

Personal Identity

Back 4

Consists of one's own sense of personal attributes.

Front 5

Social Identity

Back 5

Consists of social definitions of who you are.

Front 6

Self-reference effect

Back 6

The tendency to better remember information relevant to ourselves.

Front 7

Carl Rogers

Back 7

Founder of the humanistic psychology perspective. Believed personality is composed of the ideal self and the real self.

Front 8

Ideal Self

Back 8

Constructed out of your life experiences, societal expectations, and the things you admire about role models.

Front 9

Incongruity

Back 9

When the real self falls short of the ideal self.

Front 10

Self-efficacy

Back 10

Belief in one's own competence and effectiveness.

Front 11

Internal locus of control

Back 11

Belief you are able to influence outcomes through your own efforts and actions.

Front 12

External locus of control

Back 12

Perceive outcomes as controlled by outside forces.

Front 13

Learned helplessness

Back 13

A condition where one has learned to behave helplessly failing to respond even though there are opportunities to avoid unpleasant circumstances or gain positive rewards.

Front 14

Self-esteem

Back 14

One's overall self-evaluation of one's self-worth.

Front 15

Identity formation/individuation

Back 15

Development of a distinct individual personality.

Front 16

Looking-glass self

Back 16

Idea that a person's sense of self develops from interpersonal interactions with others in society and the perceptions of others.

Front 17

Social behaviorism

Back 17

The mind and self emerge through the process of communicating with others.

Front 18

Symbolic interactionism

Back 18

Idea that the mind and self emerge though the social process of communication or use of symbols.

Front 19

Generalized other

Back 19

The common behavioral expectations of general society.

Front 20

Socialization

Back 20

Process through which people learn to be proficient and functional members of society.

Front 21

Feral children

Back 21

Individuals who were not raised with human contact or care.

Front 22

Sanctions

Back 22

Rewards and punishments for behaviors that are in accord with or against norms.

Front 23

Formal norms

Back 23

Generally written down (laws).

Front 24

Informal norms

Back 24

Generally understood but are less precise and often carry no specific punishments (handshake).

Front 25

Mores

Back 25

Norms that are highly important for the benefit of society and so are often strictly enforced.

Front 26

Folkways

Back 26

Norms that are less important but shape everyday behavior.

Front 27

Assimilation

Back 27

Process in which an individual forsakes aspects of his or her own cultural tradition to adopt those of a different culture.

Front 28

Amalgamation

Back 28

Occurs when majority and minority groups combine to form a new group.

Front 29

Multicultualism/pluralism

Back 29

Perspective that endorses equal standing for all cultural traditions.

Front 30

Subculture

Back 30

Segment of society that shares a distinct pattern of traditions and values that differs from that of the larger society.

Front 31

Attribution theory

Back 31

Attempts to explain how individuals view behavior.

Front 32

Dispositional attribution

Back 32

Individuals attribute behavior to internal causes.

Front 33

Situational attribution

Back 33

Individuals attribute behavior to external causes.

Front 34

Fundamental attribution error

Back 34

We tend to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of a person's character or personality.

Front 35

Actor-observer bias

Back 35

The tendency to blame our actions on the situation and blame the actions of others on their personalities.

Front 36

Self-serving bias

Back 36

Tendency to attribute successes to ourselves and our failures to others or the external environment.

Front 37

Optimism bias

Back 37

Belief that bad things happen to other people, but not to us.

Front 38

Just world phenomenon

Back 38

Tendency to believe that the world is fair and people get what they deserve.

Front 39

Halo effect

Back 39

Tendency to believe that people have inherently good or bad natures, rather than looking at individual characteristics.

Front 40

Physical attractiveness stereotype

Back 40

People tend to rate attractive individuals more favorable for personality traits and characteristics than they do those who are less attractive.

Front 41

Social perception

Back 41

The initial information we process about other people in order to try to understand their mindsets and intentions.

Front 42

Social cognition

Back 42

Ability of the brain to store and process information regarding social perception.

Front 43

False consensus

Back 43

When we assume everyone else agrees with what we do.

Front 44

Projection bias

Back 44

When we assume others have the same beliefs we do.

Front 45

Stereotypes

Back 45

Simplified ideas about groups of people.

Front 46

Prejudice

Back 46

Thoughts, attitudes, and feelings someone holds about a group that are not based on actual experience.

Front 47

Discrimination

Back 47

Acting a certain way toward a group.

Front 48

Affirmative action

Back 48

Policies that take factors like race or sex into consideration to benefit underrepresented groups in admissions or job hiring decisions.

Front 49

Reverse discrimination

Back 49

Discriminating against the majority.

Front 50

Racism

Back 50

Prejudices and actions that discriminate based on race, or hold that one race is inferior to another.

Front 51

Institutional discrimination

Back 51

Refers to unjust and discriminatory practices employed by large organizations that have been codified into operating procedures, processes, or institutional objectives.