Self Care Mod 1

Front 1

Medications that have acne as side effect?

Back 1

Remember pneumonic PIMPLES
Phenatonin
Isoniazid
Moisturizer
Phenobarbital
Lithium
Ethoniamide
Steroids

Front 2

What are the types of acne lesions? (6)

Back 2

Open comedo (blackhead)
Closed comedo (whithead)
Papules
Pustules
Nodules
Cysts

Front 3

What are the Gradings/Classifications of Acne?

Back 3

I-Commodonal Acne (open/closed) less than 10, only on the face, no scarring

II-Papule, between 10 and 25 lesions, on face and trunk, mild scarring, some inflammation, <5mm

III-Pustule, >25 lesions, moderate scarring, visible purulent pore

IV-Severe Pustulocystic or cystic, cysts and nodules, extensive, anywhere on the body, extensive scarring, inflammation, >5mm in size

Front 4

What are the OTC options for Acne Treatment? What are their disadvantages? (4)

Back 4

1. Benzoyl Peroxide-drying, irritation, bleaches ****

2. Salicylic Acid-face wash, sting, acid, drying,discoloration w/high use,irritation

3. Sulfur-stinky, yellow coloration, irritation, drying

4.Sulfur/Resorcinol

Front 5

What are the Rx Pharm Treatments for Acne? (5)

Back 5

CHAIR

1.Retinoids-Retin-A, Tretinoin, Vit A deriv.

2.Topical or Systemic Antibiotics- Erythromycin/clindamycin

3.Hormonal- Spironolactone/birth control

4.Oral Isotretinoin-

5.Combo therapy-

Front 6

3 Meds that are classified as Topical Retinoids?

Back 6

Tretinoin, Adapalene,Tazarotene

Front 7

Topical Retinoids are 1st line treatment for Acne, what are their side effects/ADRs?

Back 7

Skin irritation
Erythema-redness
Peeling
Dryness
Stinging/Burning

Front 8

Topical Retinoids are not to be used by which patients?

Back 8

-Pregnant women
-Patients with severe/nodular/cystic acne

Front 9

Topical Antibiotics are used as an alternative to retinoids, what falls in this category and how long are they used for?

Back 9

Clindamycin, Erythromycin 6-8 wks

Front 10

Give examples of Oral Antibiotics for acne treatment. What type of acne is this used for?

Back 10

Macrolides and Tetracyclines

*doxycycline,minocycline,tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, azithromycin
-->For moderate papular/pustular acne

Front 11

Oral Isotretinoin is used for what type of acne? What are its side effects?

Back 11

*Severe nodular cystic acne

Side effects:
-birth defects (teratogine)
-Liver damage
-Suicidal thoughts
-increase cholesterol (hyperlipidemia)
-Osteoporosis

Front 12

Patient Compliance with Ipledge includes...

Back 12

Females must not become pregnant before, during, and 1 month after therapy!

Females:
Before the initial Rx must have..
-2 negative pregnancy tests
1 at MD office and 1 at a certified laboratory office
*Each month, must have a negative pregnancy test
*2 forms of effective contraception (1 month before, during, and 1 month after therapy)
*Must fill Rx within 7 days (women)

Front 13

Rank the formulations for acne treatment from best to worst...
Creams
Gels
Lotion
Solution

Back 13

1.Creams…non-drying, non-irritating, good for sensitive/dry skin

2.Lotion…Very minimal drying, like cream a bit thinner (more liquidy), safe for all skin types

3.Gels…very drying effect, good for ppl w/naturally oily skin (GOOD!)

4.Solution…very drying effect, good for oily skin (liquid)

Front 14

The CAP Process consists of 11 Steps, name them....

Back 14

Q uickly and accurately assess the patient
Step 1 & 2: Gather Information
Step 3: Identify the Problem
E stablish that the patient is an appropriate self-care candidate
Step 4: Identify Exclusions for Self-Treatment
S uggest appropriate self-care strategies
Step 5: Identify Alternative Solutions
Step 6: Select an Optimal Solution
T alk with the patient
Step 7 & 8: Prepare and Implement a Plan
Step 9-11: Educate Patient

Front 15

Quickly and accurately assess the patient (Steps 1-3) include what strategy for symptom analysis?

Back 15

PPQRSSTA

Front 16

PPQRSSTA Stands for what?

Back 16

P: Precipitating events
P: Palliative factors
Q: Quality
R: Radiation
S: Site
S: Severity
T: Temporal factors
A: Associated symptoms

Front 17

What Would you ask the patient for each of the stages of the PPQRSSTA process?

Back 17

P: What led to the onset of your symptoms?
P: Have you tried anything to help with your symptoms?
Q: Can you describe the exact symptoms you are having?
R: How did the symptoms change/evolve (radiate from original site)?
S: Where are you experiencing these symptoms?
S: How bad is your pain (scale of 1-10)?
T: When did symptoms begin, are they chronic or intermittent?
A: Is there anything else going on? Any other pathologies?

Front 18

Give Examples of Medically Related Problems (MRPs)...

Back 18

*Indication without treatment
*Treatment without indication
*Overdose
*Underdose
*Adverse drug reaction
*Drug interaction
*Wrong treatment
*Failure to receive treatment
*Inappropriate monitoring

Front 19

SOAP notes stands for....

Back 19

Subjective:Ex. Pain,non-measurable
Objective:Meds,Lab tests, Measurable quantities
Assessment
Plan

Front 20

S-ubjective Includes (5)

Back 20

Chief Complaint (CC)
History of Present Illnesses (HPI)
Past Medical History (PMH)
Social History (SH)
Family History (FH)

Front 21

O-bjective Includes (3)

Back 21

Medication History (MH)
Review of Systems (ROS)/Physical Exam (PE)
Labs and Diagnostic Tests

Front 22

A-ssessment Includes

Back 22

-ANALYSIS of the subjective and objective information

-Identify the GOALS of therapy

-Document RATIONALE for the plan

Front 23

P-lan Includes

Back 23

*record of what has been/will be done (organized by disease state)
--FOLLOW UP MUST BE PLANNED

Front 24

OTC meds behind the counter include...

Back 24

Methamphetamine precursors (pseudophedrine)

Schedule V drugs*-ex codeine (outside USA)

Plan B

Front 25

Methamphetamine Side Effects Include...

Back 25

-CV side effects (stroke, BP^)
-Hyperthermia
-Lead Poisoning
-Fires

Front 26

What is the max dose for Sudafed that can be purchased per day/month?

Back 26

Limits sale to 3.6g/day & monthly sale to 9g

Front 27

When did Dietary Supplements become regulated?

Back 27

The DSHEA gave the FDA the right to control dietary supplements (removal) in 1994
--products were treated as food--

Front 28

Homeopathic Drug Regulation and Label Requirements...

Back 28

Falls under FDA jurisdiction BUT safety and efficacy DO NOT have to be proven!

Front 29

Homeopathic Drugs Dosing and Safety...

Back 29

Dosing is unknown
-unlikely to cause serious adverse effects
-contain higher alcohol content

Front 30

What is Pharmaceutical Care?

Back 30

Responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve quality of life

Front 31

All OTC Drug Labels include...
(13)

Back 31

1.ACTIVE components and strength
2.SYMPTOMS or conditions this product will treat
3. CAUTION with medical conditions, medications or side effects
4. NUMBER and FREQ. of doses to take
5.STORAGE
6. COLORS and fillers
7.Expiration Date
8.Manufacturer
9.Where it was made
10.Lot number
11.NDC
12.Quantity
13. What to do if overdose/misuse

Front 32

What are the 4 types of UV light and where do they come from?

Back 32

UVC-Germicidal Radiation, very little reaches earth surface, absorbed by dead skin layers (doesn’t hurt living cells)

UVB-Sunburn Radiation, Burns, primarily main cause of skin cancer

UVA-Penetrates skin deeper than UVB, causes histologic/vascular damage, no Burn,more reaches earth than UVB

UVR – Tanning Booths/Beds

Front 33

UV index is a scale of what values indicating what exposure?

Back 33

1-11+
1-2=low
3-5=moderate
6-7=high
8-10 very high
11+=extremely high

Front 34

What people are more @ risk for cancer?

Back 34

fair skin, genetically predisposed, blonde/redhead, eye color (blue, green, grey) , freckle formation, Nevi (moles), age, chemical exposure,

Doxycycline (NSAIDS, Diuretics, Antibiotics)

Front 35

What is a Pre-Cancerous Lesion from sun exposure? Where is it found?

Back 35

Actinic Keratoses
-Slow growing
-Small pink flesh colored patch
-On ears, nose, face

Front 36

Name and Differentiate between the 2 types of NON-Melanomas...

Back 36

BCC (basal cell carcinoma) aggressive and invasive, rarely spreads or metastisizes, seen on face/hands, very treatable (fast growing)

SCC (squamous cell carcinoma) slow growing, seen on face/ears/neck, more common in elderly

Front 37

Where are melanomas most commonly seen, how do they start, how do they move?

Back 37

-30% start from a Nevi(mole), --can metastisize, starts at top of skin and starts to spread down, can be deadly

Women: more common on legs

Men/Women: upper back

Front 38

What Methods are most commonly used to identify a Melanoma?

Back 38

Asymmetry

Border Irregularity

Color (pigmentation is not uniform), brown, red,white,black,blue

Diameter (greater than 6mm-pencil eraser)

Evolution (changing of mole/nevi)

Front 39

What are the 2 types of sunscreen and how do they work?

Back 39

Chemical: absorb radiation
Physical: block radiation

Front 40

How else is physical sunscreen different than chemical?

Back 40

Thick...not applied to whole body
*Contains zinc oxide or titanium dioxide

Front 41

What are the SPF categories and what protection do they offer?

Back 41

2-12 (minimal sunburn protection)
12-30=moderate
SPF 15:93% protection
>30=High sunburn protection
SPF 30:96.7% protection from UVB
SPF 40:97.5%
SPF 70:98.6% protection

Some sunscreens block UVA and UVB

Front 42

Sunscreen Counseling Points
1. How To Apply
2. When to Reapply
3. ADRs

Back 42

HOW: apply liberally, as often as directed (q2h), depends on: product, in and out of water, sweating a lot (NO sunscreen is water-proof, is water resistant)

Suncreen works for 40-80 minutes

REAPPLY: should be applied while inside, 15-30 min prior to sun exposure (to all areas exposed to sun-remember feet/ears)

ADR: dryness, avoid eye contact, irritating,

Front 43

Sunscreen Labeling Specifications

Back 43

*SPF 2-14: must contain WARNING, that product has shown NOT to help prevent skin cancer or early skin aging

Broad Spectrum + SPF 15 or higher…can state that it can help reduce the risk of sunburn/cancer/sun-aging

*MAX SPF 50+….highest dose out there

Front 44

What are the 3 main treatment goals for dandruff?

Back 44

Reduce itching,
Minimize appearance,
Decrease speed of epidermal turnover

Front 45

What is the dosage regimen and contact time for Medicated Non-Rx Shampoo?

Back 45

use 2-3 times x week for 2-3 weeks (for dandruff)…then used as maintenance

*Key is amt of contact time between shampoo and scalp=5 minutes

Front 46

What are the 3 Lines of Treatment options for Dandruff?

Back 46

Anti-Malassezia (1st line)
-Pyrithione zinc (Head&Shoulders)
-Selenium sulfide
(Selsun Blu)
-Ketoconazole (not used every day)

Cytostatic (2nd line)
-Coal tar

Keratolytic (3rd line)
-Salicylic acid
-Sulfur

Front 47

Disadvantages of...
Sulfur, Selsun Blu, Coal Tar, Salicylic Acid

Back 47

Sulfur-smell, color

Selsun Blu-Discoloration of Hair, odorous

Coal Tar-odorous, discolors hair (darken)

Salicyclic Acid-Irritating, decrease skin pH, used for drying effect…increases hydration, loosen/remove scaling

Front 48

Seborrhea is most commonly seen in....

Back 48

-Worse in Winter
-Teenage years
-Infants (not treated) “Cradle Cap”
-Parkinsons disease
-Zinc deficiency
-more common in men
-obesity
-anything effecting immune system (ex. HIV)

Front 49

Seborrhea can occur in what areas of the body?

Back 49

Scalp, Forehead, Eyebrows, Trunk or other parts of the face, Ears/Neck (much more yellow/oily/larger flakes than dandruff)

Front 50

Main Differences between Seborrhea and Dandruff is...

Back 50

1.Location (can originate from eyebrows/forehead)
-Dandruff just occurs on scalp

2. Oil (seborrhea is oily)

3. Color (seborrhea is yellow and larger)

Front 51

Medications used for Seborrhea?

Back 51

SAME AS WITH DANDRUFF
-shampoo several times a week

Front 52

Who should not used medicated shampoos?

Back 52

Patients under 2yo

Front 53

How is treatment for Seborrhea different from that of dandruff?

Back 53

Treatment…2-3 X wk for 4 weeks (not 2-3 wks)

WILL SEE USE OF HYDROCORTISONE (Steroid use) in seborrhea (not in dandruff)

*can be used for 1 week! OTC topical hydrocortisone w/out MD permission (up to qid)

*Apply zinc first THEN apply hydrocortisone

OTC 0.5%-1% Hydrocortisone

Front 54

When Should you refer for HA patients?

Back 54

Migraines
If patient continues to come back and is not getting better/more severe, fever, loss of function/numbness

*** RECURRENT/CHRONIC HAs

Front 55

What are the OTC options for HA?

Back 55

-Acetaminophin (analgesic)
-Aspirin (analgesic)
-Excedrin (APAP,Aspirin,Caffeine)
-Ibuprofen (NSAID)
-Naproxen (NSAID)

Front 56

Points to counsel on for HA patients...

Back 56

-MDD
-If you don’t see results, see your Dr. (should see relief w/in a couple of doses)
-Frequency
-Do not take other products containing same ingredient
-Take w/or without food
-Side effects

Front 57

What is the order of accuracy for measuring temp w/ electronic thermometers (by site)?

Back 57

*Rectal=Most accurate
*Oral=Medium accuracy
-wait 30 min after eating for oral temp
*Axillary=Least accurate (armpit)

Front 58

How far do you insert probe of electronic thermometer into rectum?

Back 58

FOR CHILD…½-1 inch

FOR ADULT…up to 2 inches

Front 59

Describe the 2 ways to take temperature using a Tympanic Thermometer...

Back 59

**If patient under 1 year of age: pull ear back, insert end into ear

**Over the age of 1 year, pull ear back and up (straightens out ear canal, more accurate temp)

Front 60

How do you use a Temporal Thermometer?

Back 60

Never lose contact with forehead, move side to side...

(Not very accurate)

Front 61

What are the non-pharm therapies for pain? And when are they used?

Back 61

RICE


REST
ICE
COMPRESSION
ELEVATION

*Used w/in 48 hours of injury (recent)

Front 62

How do Topical Analgesics work?

Back 62

Counter-Irritants
(distract from pain in other parts of the body)

Front 63

Acetaminophen
(dosing, adverse effects, MDD, Counsel)

Back 63

Dosing: 325-1000 mg q4-6h
MDD (OTC)= 4g
Counsel: No alcohol
Adverse effects: liver damage

Front 64

Ibuprofen
(dosing, adverse effects, MDD, Counsel)

Back 64

Dosing: 200-400 mg q4-6h
MDD: 1200mg
Adverse Effects: GI effects, anti-coagulant, CV problems, asthma
Counsel: No alcohol

Front 65

Naproxen
(dosing, adverse effects, MDD, Counsel)

Back 65

Dosing: 220mg q8-12h (not 4-6!)
MDD (OTC): 660mg/day
Adverse effects: GI

Front 66

Aspirin (Salicylate)
(dosing, adverse effects, MDD, Counsel)

Back 66

Dosing: 650-1000mg q4-6h
MDD: 4g/day
Adverse Effects: Stronger GI effects than aspirin

Front 67

Fungal infections affect what % of US pop. at one time?

Back 67

10-20

Front 68

Where on the body do the following Fungal Infections occur?

1.tinea pedis
2.tinea corporis
3.tinea cruris
4.tinea capitis
5.tinea versicolor
6.tinea unguium

Back 68

1.Foot
2.Body
3.Groin
4.Scalp
5.Trunk
6.Nails

Front 69

What are the names of fungus on each of the following parts of the body?

1.Foot
2.Body
3.Groin
4.Scalp
5.Trunk
6.Nails

Back 69

1.tinea pedis
2.tinea corporis
3.tinea cruris
4.tinea capitis
5.tinea versicolor
6.tinea unguium

Front 70

Common Fungus Causing Dermatophytes include?
(4)

Back 70

Trichophyton
Microsporum
Epidermophyton
Candida*

Front 71

What are the 2 types of Tinea Pedis and how do they manifest?

Back 71

Fissure, cracking, flaking, pustules, secondary bacterial infection

Acute: self-limiting, will go away on its own, intermittent

Chronic: much slower resulting, NOT self-limiting (requires treatment)
*Most Cases
-can involve areas other than the feet (moves)

Front 72

What is Tinea Corporis? Where does it occur? Where can you get it from? What does it look like?

Back 72

RingWorm
-Occurs anywhere
-Can contract from wrestling mats,towels, pets, tanning bed
-Rash-like, clearing in middle, spreading outward

Front 73

Where do you find Tinea Cruris?
What is it? Who has it? What does it look like? Refer?

Back 73

Jock Itch
-In groin, under thighs, buttocks, genitals
-Red, circular appearance (most in males and obese)

Front 74

What are the signs and symptoms of the 2 types of Tinea Capitis?

Back 74

Black Dot: More common, seen more in children

Gray Patch: more scaling/pustules, causes hair loss

Front 75

How does Tinea Unguium manifest? How does it move? Where does it infect?

Back 75

*Infection of Nail BED
-Deformed, Brittle, discoloration of nail (white, brown, yellow)
-seen first in Big toe on foot
-Starts at far end and moves down towards cuticle

Front 76

Who are those most susceptible to fungal infections?

Back 76

-open wound
-in damp warm area
-immunocompromised

Front 77

When should you refer for a fungal infection?

Back 77

-Immunodeficiency
*Patient with fever (may have become systemic)
-Severe cases
*When on genitalia
*When on scalp (stronger products Rx)
*Can’t ID
*When involving face/mucus membrane
*Tried to treat it (appropriately) and it hasn’t gone away
*Secondary Infection
-Infection:oozing, odor

Front 78

What are treatment options for Fungal infections? (5 Classes)

Back 78

OHABA
1.Azoles
2.Benzylamine
3.Allylamine
4.Hydroxypyridone
5.Other

Front 79

Azoles are the MOST COMMON treatment for fungal infections. What are the 2 Classes of Azoles and what Meds fall into each class?

Back 79

IMIDAZOLES
Lotramin/AF (Clotrimazole)-otc
Spectazole (Econazole)
Nizoral (Ketoconazole)
Desenex (miconazole)-otc

TRIAZOLES
Diflucan (Fluconazole)

Front 80

What is the MOA for Azoles?

Back 80

Reduce ergosterol production by inhibiting fungal P450 enzymes

Front 81

What are side effects for Oral and Topical Azole Antifungals?

Back 81

Topical
-Irritation and burning
-Itching

Oral
-N/V
-Fatigue
-Edema
-Elevated LFTs
-HA (more common for fluconazole)
-Gynecomastia (ketoconazole only)
-Impotence
-Decreased libido
-Photophobia

Front 82

What are Drug interactions and Contraindications for Azoles?

Back 82

*No Drug Interactions topically
(Don't mix w/regular lotion)

*No Contraindications when applied topically

For Oral Ketoconazole...
-Achlorhydria/Hypochlorhydria
-Pregnancy Category C
-Lactation

Front 83

What are the available drugs for Benzylamine Antifungals and what are their MOAs?

Back 83

Lotramin Ultra Cream (Butenafine)

MOA: Causes fungal cell death by inhibiting squalene epoxidase

Front 84

Benzylamine...Side Effects, Contraindications, Drug Interactions?

Back 84

-Mild Burning
-No Drug interactions
-Not to be used <12yo

Front 85

What are the available drugs for Allylamine Antifungals and what are their MOAs?

Back 85

Naftin® (Naftifine)
Lamisil AT, Desenex Max, (Terbinafine)

MOA: Causes fungal cell death by inhibiting squalene epoxidase
(anti-inflammatory)

Front 86

What are the available drugs for Hydroxypyridone Antifungals and what are their MOAs?

Back 86

Loprox®/TS, PenlacTM, (Ciclopirox)

MOA: Causes fungal death by blocking the uptake of essential intracellular substrates such as potassium ions. (Broad Spec-includes yeast/bacteria)

Front 87

Hydroxypyridone...Side Effects, Contraindications, Drug Interactions?

Back 87

Low incidence of side effects:
-Pruritis, burning, and worsening of sx
-Rash and erythermia
-Nail discoloration

*NO Drug interactions
*Contraindications: no use <10yo

Front 88

What are the Other Antifungals Available? What is their MOA?

Back 88

Asorbine®, Aftate®, Tinactin®, (Tolnaftate)

MOA: Distorts hyphae and stunts fungal growth
(NARROW SPEC)

Front 89

Adjunctive Therapies for antifungals includes?

Back 89

Aluminum Salts (astringent, decrease inflammation)
-can cause deep fissure in skin

Topical Steroids
*Use not recommended as it may modify the appearance of infection (referred to as tinea incognito) Reduces immune response

Front 90

Topical vs Oral antifungal? Which is better, when should they be used? Which is the best treatment to recommend?

Back 90

Topical is recommended. Use oral is widespread, infection, or topical fails


All anti-fungals are equally efficacious if used correctly!

Front 91

Which dosage form should you use for which fungal related symptoms?

Back 91

Cream: non-oozing
Gel/Ointment: hyperkeratotic lesions
Lotion: Hairy/oozing lesions
Power/Spray:prevent reinfection

Front 92

What are the Treatment Options for Tinea Unguium?

Back 92

Terbinafine (Lamisil AT): Nail Fungus 250mg po qd f 6/12wks (finger/toe)

Itraconazole (continuous): 200mg po qd f 12wks

Itraconazole (pulse):
200mg po qd f 1wk on 3wks off

Front 93

With which types of patients should you ALWAYS refer?

Back 93

-When it looks like infection
-Something they have already tried to treat appropriately
-Something too severe
-If you can’t ID it
-Recurring Condition
-Something that cant be treated OTC
-Immunocompromised Patients

Front 94

When Examining the skin of a patient, you should use what two techniques and notice what?

Back 94

Visually inspect
-color and uniform appearance, thickness, symmetry, hygiene and presence of lesions
Palpate
-moisture, temperature, texture, turgor and mobility

Front 95

What is the difference between a primary lesion and a secondary lesion?

Back 95

Primary: Physical alterations of the skin caused by pathologic process (ex. rash)

Secondary: rash that has been scratched and infected

Front 96

What are the 2 types of non-raised lesions? How do you distinguish them? What do they look like?

Back 96

Macule: Flat, non-raised, colored (<0.5cm) ex. Freckle

Patch: Macule w/scales or wrinkles (>0.5cm) ex. Vitiligo

Front 97

What are the 4 types of raised lesions? How do you distinguish them? What do they look like?

Back 97

Papule: solid, elevated (<0.5cm) ex. wart or acne

Nodule: solid, elevated (>0.5cm) ex. Lipoma (marble-like)

Plaque: Marginal Depth (>0.5cm) ex. Psoriasis

Wheal: Papule/plaque rising from edema caused by pruritus (ex. allergic rxn)

Front 98

What are the 4 types of fluid-filled lesions? How do you distinguish them? What do they look like?

Back 98

Vesicle: Blister filled w/clear fluid (<0.5cm) ex. Herpes

Bulla: Blister filled w/clear fluid (>0.5cm) ex. 2nd degree burn

Pustule: Vesicle filled with purulent liquid ex. comedone, folliculitis

Cyst: Nodule containing semi-solid or solid

Front 99

Secondary Lesions can be caused by pruritus and loss or build up of skin...what belong in these 2 categories?

Back 99

Loss: erosion (ruptured vesicle), ulcer (pressure sore), fissure (athletes foot), excoriation

Build-up: lichenification (chronic atopic dermatitits), scar, crust (scab), scale (dandruff)

Front 100

Lesion Configurations include...

Back 100

Circinate (filled circle)
Sharp & Ill-defined
Serpiginous
Linear
Annular: circle with clearing in center
Arciform: Semicircle
Gyrate: connecting arcs
Zosterform: Dermatomal, not full covering of body
Iris: Bulls-eye

Front 101

Lesion Distribution includes...

Back 101

*Localized
*Generalized (entire body)
*Symmetric
*Asymmetric
*Discrete (singular lesions randomly found all over)
*Grouped
*Coalescing: Singular spots, and some merging together to make larger spots
*Cleavage Plane: in chest area

Front 102

What are the 4 questions to ask regarding alopecia counseling?

Back 102

Gradual or sudden onset?
Does it occur anywhere else?
Family history?
Recent illness, stress, trauma or new drugs?

Front 103

What are the 3 types of Hair disorders?

Back 103

1.Androgenic Alopecia
(male-pattern baldness)

2.Alopecia Areata
(localized areas of hair loss)

3.Infective Alopecia (caused by tinea capitis-fungal)

Front 104

What are the 3 most common nail disorders? What do they look like? How do they Manifest?

Back 104

1. Nail Clubbing
(results from chronic low blood oxygen levels)

2.Koilonchyia (spooning)
(soft, scooped out nails, associated with iron deficiency anemia)

3. Onychomycosis
(fungal infection, nails thicken and become discolored)

Front 105

How do you examine Nails?

Back 105

Visually: color, texture, nail base should be 160 degrees

Palpate: should be hard, smooth, uniform, squeeze nail to test for adherence to nail bed

Front 106

Nail Anatomy: Review Derma Slide 28

Back 106

Nail Plate: Keratin
Nail Bed: Vascularized
Nail Matrix: Site of growth
Lanula: Marks end of matrix
Cuticle: Skin layer covering nail root