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236 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Regulates Performance Enhancing
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FDA, NCAA, Anti-Doping Agencies
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FDA means what
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Food and Drug Administration
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NCAA means what
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National Collegiate Athletic Association
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adverse affect of high protein diet
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dehydration
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amount of prehydration fluid recommended 4hour prior to working out
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American Dietetic Association recommends 5-7mL/kg
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amount of fluid during Exercise
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16-24 fl. oz. per .5k of body weight loss
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amount of carbs/hour
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30-60
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how much comsumption after workout
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1.5kg/kg within 30 minutes after exercise
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combination of several agents into a single product
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stacking
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period of maximal GI tract growth and differentiation
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3rd trimester
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fluid requirements per day for infant
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0.7L/day
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primary carbohydrate source for infants
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Lactose
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Effects of Lactose intolerance
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diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, gas and cramping
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most important amino acid for infants
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taurine
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why is taurine most important
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serves a cell membrane protector and osmoregulator
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Accounts for 50% of non-protein energy inhuman milk and formula
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fat
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is human milk sufficient for preterm infants?
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No, but formula milk is
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benefits of mother as milk source for mother
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decreased postpartum bleeding, early return to pre-pregnancy weight, decrease risk of ovarian/breast cancer
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benefits of mother as milk source for child
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enhanced cognitive development, decreased rate of high cholesterol, diabetes, asthma, obesity, Hodgkins disease and leukemia
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At what age can children start drinking whole milk
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after 1 year, can cause iron defficiency
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At what age can children begin drinking reduced-fat milk?
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2 years, because of unbalanced %of calories
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At what age can infants drink evaporated milk and goat milk
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Not recommended for infants
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Milk chosen for infants with GERD
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pre-thickened milk-based formula such as Enfamil A. R. LIPIL
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Milk chosen for infants
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Soy protein based formula w/no lactose
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Given to infants sensitive to intact milk protein
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Casein Hydrolysate-based formula
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For infants that are lactose intolerant of cow milk w/out milk allergy
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Hydrolysate-based formula such as Nestle Good Start Supreme
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used in infants with renal insufficiency
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Low PRSL (potential renal solute load) such as Similac PM 60/40
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which formula requires prescription
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metabolic formula
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which formula requires medical supervision
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concentrated formula
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overweight standards
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30kg/msquared
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obese standards
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over 30kg/msquared
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Example of nonprescription weight-loss products
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Orlistat (Alli), Benzocaine(appetite suppression)
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Which agency monitors caffeine
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World Anti-Doping Agency and NCAA
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Banned by anti-doping agencies
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ephedra and pseudoephedrine
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How many days in advance must manufacturer notify FDA of product before marketing
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75 days
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When a DS does not follow the labeling requirements
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misbranded
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Other name for St. John's Wart
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Hypericum perforatum
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When person promotes use of products knowing the product is ineffective
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quackery
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stimulates dilation of arteries
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cholinergic
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stimilates constriction of arteries
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sympathetic
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direct decongestant
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phenylephrine, oxymetazoline, tetrahydrozoline
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indirect decongestant
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ephedrine
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mixed decongestant
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pseudoephedrine
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systemic decongestant
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pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine
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ophthalmic decongestant
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naphazoline, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, tetrahydrozoline
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intranasal decongestant
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ephedrine, epinephrine and the list goes on
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Which congestion are decongestants not approved for?
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sinusitis
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Used to relieve sore throat
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benzocaine, dyclonine hydrochloride
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Analgesics used for aches and fever
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aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen
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what is the risk of these analgesics with children
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Reye's syndrome
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Used for nonproductive cough
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codeine, dextromethorphan
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preferred topical decongestant in pregnancy
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oxymetazoline
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maximum amount of vitamin C
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4000mg
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stops rhinovirus and may cause loss of smell
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zinc
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has high doses of amino acids, herbs, vitamin A and C for the common cold
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Airborne
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four phases of rhinitis
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sensitization, early, cellular, recruitment and late phase
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which antihistamines are sedative
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first generation
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which antihistamines cross the BBB
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first generation
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anti-inflammatory used to treat rhinitis
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cromolyn sodium
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are 1st or second generation antihistamine recommended by the World Health Organization?
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non-sedating 1st generation
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which anti-inflammatory was banned by the FDA
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ephedra
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which anti-inflammatory's active component is parthenolide
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Feverfew
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which complementary therapy is used for nasal and ocular symtoms
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sabadilla
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which complementary therapy is used for itching
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wyethia
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what is the first line therapy for rhinitis
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intranasal cromolyn (category B)
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Example of category B antihistamines
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Cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, diphenhydramine, loratadine
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what is the most common symptom for which patients seek medical care
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cough
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3 phases of cough
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inspiratory, compressive, expulsive
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acute cough timelength
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less than 3 weeks
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subacute cough time length
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3-8 weeks
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chronic cough time length
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more than 8 weeks
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URTI is associated with which type of cough
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acute
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sinusitis and asthma are associated with which type of cough
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subacute
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GERD is associated with which type of cough
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chronic
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what are the manifestations of a productive cough
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no smell, no color, wet/chesty cough
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what are the manifestations of a nonproductive cough
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dry/hacking cough
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what therapy is used for GERD
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acid-suppressive therapy
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what therapy is used for bacterial pneumonia
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antibiotics
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which treatment is used for nonproductive cough
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antitussives
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when should you not self treat a cough
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if there is yellow or green sputum, hemoptysis, cough greater than 7 days
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ways to sooth nasal airways
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hydration, humidification and nonmedicated lozenges
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3 types of oral antitussives
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codeine, dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine
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another name for expectorant
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protussive
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gold standard antitussive
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codeine
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what should not be taken with codeine
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barbituates, sedatives and alcohol
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nonopiod with no analgesic, sedative, respiratory depressant or addictive properties used for nonproductive cough
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dextromethorphan
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only FDA approved expectorant used for acute productive cough
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Guaifenesin
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1st generation antihistamine used for nonproductive cough
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diphenhydramine
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only FDA approved antitussive ointments
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camphor and methol
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should codeine be used during pregnancy
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if the benefits outweigh the risks
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which cough treatment is safe for the pregnant
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dextromethorphan
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which cough suppressant is excreted in breast and causes infant irritability
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diphenhydramine
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what would honey in cause in children younger than 1
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botulism
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anti-inflammatory approved for children older than 5
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cromolyn sodium
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what percentage of adults use diatary supplements
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54%
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which vitamin was sold the most
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vitamin D
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are clinical trials required for the FDA
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nope
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responsible for advertising such as misbranding
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Federal Trade Commission
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3 types of Dietary supplement claims
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Health, Nutrient Content and Structure-Function
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Law signed on December 22, 2006 to require adverse events to be reported to the FDA
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Dietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug Consumer Protection Act
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Example of adverse event
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death, congenital birth defect or disability
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signs of adulturation
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when a product shows and unreasonable risk of illness or injury by secretary of DOH
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Intentional Adulturant example
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lead, mercury and arsenic
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unitentional adulturant example
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anyhing added to enhance product: phenytoin and bumetanide
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used to treat parkinson's, breast cancer, migraine and chemotherapy
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Coenzyme Q
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Should Coenzyme Q be used during pregnancy
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no
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treats hyperlipidemia, hypertension and type 2 diabetes
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garlic
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when should garlic not be used
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2 weeks prior to surgery to prevent excessive bleeding
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what lowers triglycerides, relieves arthritis and psoriasis
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fish oil
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used to treat varicose veins, hemorrhoids and venous ulcers
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Horse Chestnut Seed Extract
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what are the side effects of horse chestnut seed extract
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pruritus, vomiting and bleeding
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when should horse chestnut seed extract not be used
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for those with latex allergy and pregnant
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treats hypercholestermia and claudication
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Policosanol
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what are the side effects of policosanol
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weight loss, polyuria and headache
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should policosanol be used during pregnancy
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no
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treats hyperlipidemia
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red rice yeast
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what are the side effects of red rice yeast
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allergic reactions, diarrhea and liver functions disturbances
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what prevents migraines, rhinitis and asthma
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butterbur
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what are the precautions of butterbur
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do not use if pregnant or allergic to ragweed. Plus it can be carcinogenic and cause liver damage
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what prevents migraines, dysmenorrhea, arthritis and psoriasis
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feverfew
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When should feverfew be avoided
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pregnant, when using warfarin and platelet-active agents
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used to treat dementia and increases memory
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Huperzine
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what are the side effects of huperzine
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blurred vision, nausea and loss of appetite
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When should huperzine not be used
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when you have low BP, peptic ulcer, alot of gastric acid, pregnant or taking anticholinergics
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what treats alzheimers disease, tinnitus and mountain sickness
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gingko
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what treats anxiety and sleep disturbances
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kava
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what are the side effects of kava
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mouth ulceration and numbness
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what are the kava interactions
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CYP450
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what has the FDA orphan drug status for sleep disorders in blind patients and helps prevent jet lag
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melatonin
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what are the side effects of melatonin
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tachycardia and hangover
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when should melatonin not be used
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with MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants and immunosuppressants
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what is used to treat depression, pain, and anxiety, OCD and premenstrual sydrome
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St. John's Wort
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what are the effects of St. John's Wort
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serotonin sydrome, paresthesias, dry mouth and skin reactions
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what are the interactions of St. John's Wort
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CYP450
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what reduces insomnia and anxiety but causes paradoxical insomnia
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Valerian
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should valerian be used with pregnancy
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nope
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what is used for depression, anxiety and insomnia, yet causes weight loss and belching
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5-hydroxytryptophan
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Should 5-hydroxytryptophan be used during pregnancy or serotonergic agents
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no
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what is milk thistle used for
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liver disease, hepatitis and cirrhosis
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should milk thistle be used for pregnancy
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no
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what is used to treat irritable bowel sydrome, nonulcerative dyspepsia, colonic spasm and tension headache
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peppermint
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antioxidant used for diabetic peripheral neuropathy
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Alpha-Lipoic Acid
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what should be monitored for alpha lipoic acid
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glucose levels
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reduces glucose elevations after a meal and upper respiratory infection symptoms
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american ginseng
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what are the side effects of american ginseng
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decreases warfarin effect and do not use with schizophrenic patients
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what lowers blood glucose but can cause an allergic rash
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cinnamon
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what can help improve sexual performance but causes hirsutism in women and gynecomastia in men
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dehydroepiandrosterone
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improves athletic performance and immune system
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colostrum
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should not be used with AIDS patients
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Colostrum
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which immune modulator treats colds
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echinacea
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what are the side effects of echinacea
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tingling tongue and should not be used with patients with AIDS, tuberculosis, asthma or allergys
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what immune modulator treats dermatitis and GI disorders
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probiotics
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what improves athletic performance and treats stress and respiration
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eleuthero
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what treats anemia, stress and cancer
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ginseng
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what are the side effects of ginseng
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isomnia, mastalgia and menstrual abnormalities
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what gives the effect of caffeine
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green tea
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what is african plum used for
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BPH
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what is cranberry used for
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UTI
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what are the side effects of cranberry
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kidney stones and bleeding
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what is saw palmetto used for
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BPH
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what are the side effects of saw palmetto
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pregnancy code X
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what causes hair loss
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chondroitin sulfate
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what treats osteoarthritis
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chondroitin sulfate, devil's claw, glucosamine, s-adenosyl-L-methionine
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what treats arthritis and causes pruritis
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methyl-sulfonyl-methane
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should methyl-sulfonyl-methane be used in pregnancy
|
no
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what is used for cold sores
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lemon balm
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what is used as antiseptic and ant-infective agent
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tea tree oil
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what are the side effects of tea tree oil
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confusion, ataxia and dermatitis
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what is used to treat preclampsia and mastalgia
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Evening primrose oil
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what is used to treat PMS
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black cohash, chastetree berry and evening primrose oil
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what are the side effects of black cohash
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rash and weight gain
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what helps stimulate breast milk production and cause sweat and breast milk to smell like syrup
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fenugreek
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are CAM therapies evaluated and approved?
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nope
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what are the issues of CAM
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experimental design and lack of standardization
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which principle little-to-no active ingredient to justify that if a substance produces a disease in large doses, it can prevent the disease in small doses
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homeopathy
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a philosophy of life an approach to living that encourages lifestyles and therapies as close to nature as possible such as dietetics, fasting and nutritional supplementation
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naturopathy
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principle that emphasizes herbal medicine, meditation and martial arts
|
traditional chinese medicine
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principle focused on relationship between spinal structure and body function
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chiropractic care
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what do patients lay flat on during chiropractic care
|
Cox table
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originated in india and stem from the spiritual teachings that believe vital energy is the basis of all life and healing such as earth, air, fire, water and ether
|
ayurveda
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what is the safety in ayurveda
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metal contamination
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therapy used to help the body heal it itself
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massage
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independent act of preventing, diagnosing, and treating one's illness without seeking medical attention
|
self care
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which medications may enter breastmilk and should be taken immediately after nursing
|
Aspirin, APAP and Ibuprofen
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|
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examples of Behind the Counter medication
|
PSE(pseudoephedrine) and Plan B, One Step
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at what age should you not give OTC cough and cold medication to children
|
younger than 2 years old
|
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what is Omnibus Budget Reconciliation act and which drugs are exempt
|
mandates offer to counsel patients about drugs and OTC medications are exempt
|
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another name for stress headache
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tension headache
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headache from neuronal and vascular factors
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migraine
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headache from blockage of congestion
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sinus
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hereditary headache
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medication
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headache with aura
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migraine
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which headache is made worse by cold temperatures and last half a month for half a year
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chronic tension
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when is a bad time to self treat a headache
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last longer than 10 days, last trimester of pregnancy, younger than 8, secondary or severe headache
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foods to avoid to avoid migraines
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vasoactive substances, tyramine containing foods, wine, cheese, nitrates, phenylalamine, caffeine, theobromine, chocolate
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what can you take to avoid headaches
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magnesium
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acetaminophen extra strength and tylenol maximum dose
|
3000
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APAP regular strength max dose
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3250
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which salicylates should you avoid
|
effervescent tablets because they cause heart failure, renal failure and HTN
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what are triptans and ergotamines used for
|
migraines
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what is the max dose of phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine
|
60mg
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what affect does phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine have on pregnant women
|
decreases milk production
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which headache medication is ok to use during pregnancy
|
pseudoephedrine, naproxen, ibuprophen and acetaminophen
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which headache medication is not safe to use during pregnancy
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NSAIDS, Aspirin and all decongestants
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at what age can children use naproxen
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12
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at what age can children use aspirin
|
15
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what happens to children younger than 15 that take aspirin
|
Reye's syndrome
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what does APAP cause in children
|
maculopapular rash
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which headache medication causes prolonged labor and post-partum bleeding
|
prostaglandin inhibitors
|
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true or false: Butterbur, feverfew and coenzyme Q10 are used to treat headaches
|
false: they are used to PREVENT THEM!!
|
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what is the most common reason for visits to the pediatrician and children younger than 15
|
fever
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what is the fever temperature
|
106
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what part of the body controls temperature
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hypothalamus
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what does fever increase physiologically
|
oxygen consumption, cardiac output and carbon dioxide
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what do antipyretics inhibit
|
PGE2 and COX
|
|
|
most common NSAID used as antipyretic with 5-10mg dose
|
ibuprofen
|
|
|
antipyretic with 10-15mg dose
|
APAP
|
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what is the longest you can use APAP and Ibuprofen without a physician's approval
|
3 days
|
|
|
which type of pain arises fromthe lower chest and moves up to the kneck and throat
|
heartburn
|
|
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what is another name for heartburn
|
pyrosis
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what type of heartburn takes place after eating a large meal
|
postprandial
|
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what foods trigger heartburn
|
spicy, citrus, fatty or alcohol
|
|
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what is heartburn after 3 months called
|
GED
|
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where is dyspepsia located
|
upper abdomen
|
|
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what diseases are associated with heartburn
|
barret's esophagus and esophagitis
|
|
|
how many days is it ok to self treat heartburn
|
14
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what combination is good for heartburn
|
antacid and h2 agonist
|
|
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when is it not ok to self treat heartburn
|
after 3 months, if you're nursing or vomiting
|
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when is it ok for pregnant women to treat heartburn
|
when taking calcium and magnesium
|
|
|
what is the gas range per day
|
500-1500mL
|
|
|
what drug helps reduce surface tension of gas
|
simethicon(mylicon)
|
|
|
what drug helps absorb gas
|
activated charcoal
|
|
|
what drug may be taken with food to prevent gas from forming
|
activated galactosidase, beano and kal bean
|
|
|
when an individual has less than 3 bowel movements perweek
|
constipation
|
|
|
what drugs can cause constipation
|
narcotics, anticholinergics and antihistamines
|
|
|
what ingredient increase can lesson constipation
|
fiber
|
