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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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14 Points
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-Wilson's list of terms for resolving WWI and future wars
-freedom of the seas,free trade, large-scale reduction of arms, and end to secret treaties, self-determination, general association of nations |
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95 Theses
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-95 arguments against indulgences
-posted on the door of the Wittenberg -no basis in the bible -pope doesn't have power to release souls from purgatory |
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Absolutism
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-total rule over a country invested into one person
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Alliance System
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system of aided defense promises signed by great powers as a result of distrust among them
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Anglican
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-English Catholic/Protestant blend
-started by Henry VIII -church head by the monarch |
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Anti-Semitism
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discrimination against Jews
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Appeasement
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giving in to the demands of an aggressor to keep the peace
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Balkanization
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the dividing of countries into nations, specifically in the Balkan Peninsula
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Baroque
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-grand, complex, huge, exciting, colorful
-often depicts historic battles or the lives of saints |
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Berlin Conference
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The assembly of major European powers to divvy up territory in Africa for trade and resource extraction
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Black Death
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-bubonic plage
-killed 1/3 of the world's population |
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Bolshevik
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-Russian socialist
-drove Russian Communist Revolution |
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Bourgeoisie
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-middle class
-merchants, bankers, lawyers, doctors, manufacturers |
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Brinton's Theory of Revolution
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-pattern that most revolutions follow
-revolution, moderate phase, radical phase, thermidor |
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Calvinism
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Protestant + Predestination
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Capitalism
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-an economic system based on investors owning stocks that yield dividends
-extraction/production/distributionowned by private companies operating for profit |
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Cartesian Dualism
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the argument that it is possible for both the body and the soul to exist scientifically
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Cavalier
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-Catholic
-Royalist -Long hair/feathered hats -Nobility/major landholders -horse-back |
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Collective Security
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the jointure of several entities to take punitive measures on an entity that attacks a member of the jointure
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Columbian Exchange
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-tomatoes, pumpkins, potatoes, peppers, and corn
-wheat, grapes, sugar cane, bananas, pigs, donkeys, chickens, goats, cows, horses, guns, |
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Constitutionalism
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government's power is defined and limited by the law
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Council of Trent
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-1545 for 20 years
-reaffirmed Catholic values (salvation through faith/good works) -helped to end abuses of the church -educated and penalizaed worldliness |
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Counter-Reformation
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-Pope Paul III
-1530's/40's -attempt to revive Catholic authority |
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Debt Service
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interest paid on debt obligations
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Deficit Spending
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a situation in which the government spendsmore money than it takes in
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Democratization
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spread of democratic ideals and demands during 19th century
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Diet of Worms
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-Martin Luther ordered to recant his writings
-1521 |
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Divine Right
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claim to rule by God's will
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English Bill of Rights
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written by Parliament to give them power over the monarchy (included habeas corpus)
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English Civil War
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-1625-1649
-King v Parliament -Parliamentary supporters win |
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Entrepreneur
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organizes, manages, and assumes risks of doing business
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Establishment
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jointure of church and state
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Estates General
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assembly of the 3 estates:
-clergy -nobility -bourgeoisie |
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Excommunication
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cutting off of sacraments
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Fascism
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-extreme nationalism
-total submission to the state |
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Feudalism
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a political system in which serfs pledge themselves to the king in return for land and protection
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Flying Buttress
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external arched support
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Ghetto
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section of a city reserved for Jews (originated in Italy)
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Glorious Revolution
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Orange
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Grand Jury
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-group that decides whether a case should go to court
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Guerilla Warfare
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-'little war'
-hit and run raids |
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Guild
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an association of merchants or artisans who cooperate to protect their own economic interest
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Habeas Corpus
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right to be informed of your specific crime before imprisonment
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Heliocentric
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pertaining to the belief that the sun is the center of the universe
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Hellenistic
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-describes the culture instated by Alexander the Great
-blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian culture led to flourishing art, math, philosophy, and science |
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Huguenots
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French Calvinists
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Humanism
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celebration of the individual
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Imperialism
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domination of European powers over foreign lands
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J-Curve Theory
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conditions fail to meet rising expectations
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Jesuits
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combated heresy and spread Catholic belief
-started by Ignatius of Loyola |
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Joint Stock Company
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allowed pools of money to be raised for overseas adventures
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Laissez Faire
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-'let it be'
-Adam Smith |
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League of Nations
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general associationof nations post WWI
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Legitamacy
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general acceptance of rule
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Limited Liability
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investors weren't liable for damages inflicted by a corporation
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Malthusian
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-population rises until resources run out
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Manorialism
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an economic system based on a self sufficient manor
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Mercantilism
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-nation's wealth based on gold and silver supply
-exports must exceed imports -colonies serve parent countries by providing resources and serving as a market place for manufactured goods |
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Meritocracy
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-position is based on credentials rather than birth
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Moderate
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-contains many figures and structures associated with previous regime
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Nepotism
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awarding of power based on familial ties rather than merit
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Nation-state
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a country that is also a nation
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Natural Rights
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-John Locke
-life, liberty, and property |
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Parliament
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elected body of representatives
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Partition of Poland
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division of Poland by Russia, Prussia, and Austria
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Patron
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one who provides financial support for the arts
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Plebiscite
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yes/no ballot
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Pogrom
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governmentally encouraged attacks on minority groups
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Proletariat
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lower class urban work force
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Propaganda
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spreading of ideas or information to promote or damage a cause
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Puppet Government
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government instated in another country to operate to the will/benefit of a more powerful country
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Puritans
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Calvinists who moved to America to escape religious prosecution in England
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Radical
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-tears out roots of old system
-follows an ideology |
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Reign of Terror
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Period of mass execution under Robespierre
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Reparation
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payment for war damages by the entity deemed responsible
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Roundhead
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-supported Parliament
-Puritan -hair cut close to head -country gentry, urban manufacturers, and Puritan clergy |
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Sabre-rattling
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-stubborn posturing that lead to WWI
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Schlieffen Plan
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invade and defeat France before Russians can mobilize to avoid a 2-front war
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Scientific Method
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method of experimentation to ensure accuracy and retrospective detection of error
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Scorched Earth
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-policy adopted by Russians in 1812 against the French
-resulted in a demoralized, resourceless French army - |
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Separation Powers
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-Montesqieu's skewed understanding of British government
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Serf
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servant bound to land that his master has given him in return for protection
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Seven Sacraments
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sacred Catholic rituals
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Social Darwinism
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application of the idea of survival of the fittest to war and economic competition
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Socialism
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an economic system in which all means of production are publicly or commonly owned and collectively controlled
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Socratic Method
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teaching through the proposal of questions
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Spanish Civil War
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-Fascists/Nationalists and SocComDem/Loyalists clashed
-International Brigade became involved (37,000) - |
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Suffrage
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right to vote
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Thesis
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a debatable assertation
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Totalitarianism
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a governmental structure in which the state controls every aspect of every citizen's life
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Total War
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a state of an entire country's resourced funneling to drive the war effort
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Trench Warfare
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-deromanticized war
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Ultimatum
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a final set of demands
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Utilitarianism
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the idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest amount of people
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Vernacular
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common language of the people
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Versailles
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-construction
-bread march -Napoleon's crowning -treaty |
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Zimmerman Note
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telegram from Germany to Mexico intercepted by the British encouraging Mexico to attack America to keep distracted from WWI in return for Texas, New Mexico and Arizona
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