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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tonic-clonic Absence Atonic Myoclonic |
Generalized seizures |
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Complex partial Simple partial |
Partial (focal) seizures |
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Tonic clonic seizure
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- Repetitive intense muscle contraction - Proceeded by aura - Shallow breathing - Loss of bladder - No memory & confusion afterwards |
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Absence seizure
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- More common in children and only last a few seconds - Misdiagnosed as ADHD or daydreaming - Eyelid fluttering |
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Atonic seizure
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- Less common & last only a few seconds - "Drop attacks"- pt will stumble and fall for no reason |
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Myoclonic seizure
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- Large, jerking body movements - Nocturnal - No loss of consciousness - Quick contractions |
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Simple partial seizure
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- May begin as small, regional focus and subsequently progress to generalized seizure - Wide array of symptoms depending on area of brain affected |
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Complex partial seizure
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- Formerly known as psychomotor or temporal lobe seizures - Alter levels of consciousness - Involves sensory, motor, and autonomic symptoms - Aura commonly precedes - No memory of the seizures |
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Febrile seizures Status epileptics |
Special epileptic seizures or unclassified
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Febrile seizures
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Last less than 1 to 2 minutes Tonic–clonic motor activity Common in children 3 months to 5 years old Occur with rapid rise in body temperature Affect 5% of children Prevent fevers |
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Status epilepticus
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- Medical emergency/ Airway compromise - When seizure continues for more than 30 minutes - When two or more seizures occur without recovery - Common with generalized tonic–clonic seizures- Continuous muscle contractions |
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The choice is dependent on type of seizure Medical history Results of EEG |
How do you determine what type of Antiseizure drug is appropriate for your patient?
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Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Hydantoins Dibenzazepines Miscellaneous |
Name the different type of classes of Anti-seizure drugs
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mephobarbital (Mebaral) primidone (Mysoline) |
Name the barbiturates for seizures |
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Indications of barbiturates |
- Long acting antiepileptic drug for preventing tonic-clonic and absence seizures - Enhances the inhibitory action of GABA, the neurotransmitter responsible for suppressing abnormal neuronal discharges |
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Epilepsy
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A disruption of the activity of clusters of neurons in the brain that is characterized by 2 or more seizures
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Seizure
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A disturbance of the brain's electrical activity that may result in loss of consciousness, sensory malfunction, and an alteration in motor activity
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diazepam (Valium) lorazepam (Ativan)- more potent |
Name 2 benzodiazepines
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benzodiazepines
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- Control seizures by acting in limbic, thalamic, hypothalamic regions of CNS - Limited applications - Used for seizures when other drugs proven ineffective - When administering by IV, resuscitation equipment should be readily available.Monitor patient closely |
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Antiepileptic drug Antianxiety agent Skeletal muscle relaxant |
What is the therapeutic classification of diazepam (Valium) & lorazepam (Ativan)?
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Benzodiazepine GABA receptor agonist |
What is the Pharmacologic classificationof diazepam (Valium) & lorazepam (Ativan)?
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Drowsiness Fatigue Ataxia Dizziness Vertigo Urinary retention |
Adverse effects of diazepam (Valium) & lorazepam (Ativan)
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What type of birth control are you currently taking?
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What should you ask any woman who is prescribed any type of anti-seizure medication?
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phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek)
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- Delay influx of sodium ions across neuronal membranes in the brain - Do not block, but rather desensitize sodium channels |
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Antiepileptic drug
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What is the therapeutic classification of phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek)?
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- Hydantoin - Neuronal sodium channel modulator |
What is the pharmalogical classification of phenytonin (Dilantin, Phenytek)?
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