Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is it called when the cause of a seizure is identified |
symptomatic seizure |
|
|
what is it called when there is no cause of a seizure is found |
cryptogenic seizure |
|
|
pathophys (gates) of seizure |
basis of neuronal excitation is AP voltage gated channels: Na/Ca (hypopolarize)- excitatory; K (hyperpolarize) inhibitory ligand-gated receptors: glutamate-NMDA -> Ca influx (excitatory); gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)- Cl influx (inhibitory |
|
|
pathophys of seizures |
-genetic alterations of Na channels (epilepsy, febrile, drugs- phenytoin (dilantin), carbamazepine (tegretol), lacosamide) -genetic alterations of Ca channels: childhood absence epilepsy -genetic mutation in K channels: topiramate (topamax), levetiracetam (keppra), retigabine -glial cells- remove excess gluatmate from extracellular space, manage extracellular K |
|
|
more pathophys of seizures |
-recruitment of excitatory neurons with inhibition of inhibitory neurons -> seizure propagation -loss of excitatory neurons (stimulate inhibitory neurons) -injury leads to axonal "sprouting" to other excitatory neurons |
|
|
last pathophys of seizures |
localized activity = partial seizure (MC type in adults, arise in temporal lobe: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy)
bilat generalized activity = generalized |
|
|
hippocampal sclerosis pathophys |
Ammon's horn sclerosis -loss of neurons in hippocampus- dentate nucleus and shrinkage of hippocampus -common feature of temporal lobe epilepsy -seen in AD and other dementia |
|
|
causes of non-epileptic seizure |
-neurogenic: brain tumor, CVA, trauma -electrolyte/metabolic imbalance: hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, hyperthyroidism, acute renal or hepatic failure -medication OD- antidepressants, antipsychotics, cyclosporine, interferon, INH, Lithium, Demerol, tramadol (Ultram), quinolone abx -drug withdrawl -drugs: cocaine, m-amphetmine, nitrous oxide, IV contrast dye, lead or mercury poisoning, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors -infx and/or fever |
|
|
common causes of seizures by age |
<10y/o: idiopathic, congenital, birth injury, metabolic disorders 10-40: idiopathic, head trauma, pre-existing focal lesion (AVM), drug/drug withdrawal 40-60: brain tumor, head trauma >60: CVA, brain tumor, subdural hematoma, CNS infx, AD, metabolic disturbance |
|
|
RF for febrile seizures |
first seizure: fever >38 (100.4), day care attendance, developmental delay, neonatal nursery >30d, FH (sibling), viral infx (HHV6, influenza, others), vaccinations (influenza, DTP, MMR (fever 8d later))
recurrent febrile seizures: age <15mo, frequent fevers, short interval btwn seizure and fever (<1h), lower peak fever, first degree relative with febrile
|
|
|
dx of febrile seizures |
FH, PMH, HPI, recent vaccines, meningeal irriation (need to LP), most do NOT need MRI but can get it |
|
|
tx for febrile seizures |
antipyretics tylenol/ibuprofen (comfort, do NOT prevent) recurrence likely no increased morbidity/morality no prophylaxis required low risk of developing epilepsy |
