Seidel Male Genitalia Chpt 19

Front 1

What layer surrounds the urethra?

Back 1

corpus spongiosum

Front 2

What is the prepuce?

Back 2

foreskin that covers the glan

Front 3

What is smegma ?

Back 3

In the uncircumcised male, smegma is formed by the secretion of sebaceous material by the glans and the desquamation of epithelial cells from the prepuce. It appears as a cheesy white material on the glans and in the fornix of the foreskin.

Front 4

Spermatogenesis requires maintenance of temperatures lower than ___

Back 4

37 degrees

Front 5

The adult testis is ovoid and measures approximately ___

Back 5

4 × 3 × 2 cm

Front 6

Where is the epididymis ?

Back 6

posterolateral and upper aspect of the testis in 90% of males

Front 7

What provides the storage, maturation, and transit of sperm?

Back 7

epididymis

Front 8

Path from epididymis to ejaculatory duct?

Back 8

The vas deferens begins at the tail of the epididymis, ascends the spermatic cord, travels through the inguinal canal, and unites with the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct.

Front 9

What does the prostate produce?

Back 9

major volume of ejaculatory fluid, which contains fibrinolysin

Front 10

What is the function of the fibrinolysin produced from the prostate?

Back 10

enzyme liquefies the coagulated semen, a process that may be important for satisfactory sperm motility

Front 11

How much blood fills up the penis during erection?

Back 11

20 to 50mL

Front 12

What chemical substance from the autonomic nervous system aids in erection?

Back 12

nitic oxide

Front 13

What organs are involved in making ejection secretions?

Back 13

vas deferens, epididymides, prostate, and seminal vesicles.

Front 14

Orgasm is followed by constriction of the vessels supplying blood to the ___ and ___.

Back 14

corpora cavernosa,gradual detumescence

Front 15

The external genitalia are identical for males and females at __ of gestation, but by ___of gestation sexual differentiation has occurred

Back 15

8 weeks, 12 weeks

Front 16

Any fetal insult during ___ of gestation may lead to major anomalies of the external genitalia

Back 16

8 or 9 weeks

Front 17

During the___, the testes descend from the retroperitoneal space through the inguinal canal to the scrotum

Back 17

third trimester

Front 18

Separation of the prepuce from the glans is usually incomplete at birth and often remains so until the age of___ in uncircumcised males.

Back 18

3 to 4 years

Front 19

What happens to sperm in older adults?

Back 19

production is same, viability is decreased

Front 20

What medications cause difficulty with acheieving or maintaining erection?

Back 20

diuretics, sedatives, antihypertensive agents, tranquilizers, estrogens, inhibitors of androgen synthesis, antidepressants

Front 21

What medications can cause Infertility?

Back 21

testosterone, glucocorticoids, hypothalamic releasing hormone

Front 22

___ ejaculation has been associated with a lower risk of carcinoma of the prostate

Back 22

Frequent

Front 23

Genital hair is ___ than scalp hair

Back 23

coarser

Front 24

What is the male escutcheon pattern?

Back 24

abundant in the pubic region and may continue in a narrowing midline pattern to the umbilicus

Front 25

What is phimosis ?

Back 25

foreskin is tight and cannot be retracted; may occur during the first 6 years of life

Front 26

phimosis is usually congenital but may result from recurrent infections or ___ or even __

Back 26

balanoposthitis (inflammation of the glans penis and prepuce) or radial tearing of the preputial ring, resulting in adhesions of the foreskin to the glans

Front 27

What is Balanitis?

Back 27

inflammation of the glans; occurs only in uncircumcised individuals and is often associated with phimosis

Front 28

What medical conditions is a risk factor for Balanitis?

Back 28

poorly controlled diabetes and a candidal infection

Front 29

Bright erythema or a discharge from the urethral meatus indicates ___ disease

Back 29

inflammatory

Front 30

pinpoint or round opening of the urethral meatus may result from ___

Back 30

meatal stenosis

Front 31

The presence of a penile discharge may indicate a___

Back 31

venereal infection.

Front 32

What is priapism ?

Back 32

prolonged penile erection

Front 33

What medical conditions are a risk factor for priapism?

Back 33

leukemia or hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease.

Front 34

Which testicle has a longer spermatic cord?

Back 34

Left testicle

Front 35

Lumps in the scrotal skin are commonly caused by ___

Back 35

sebaceous cysts, also called epidermoid cysts

Front 36

unusual thickening of the scrotum caused by edema, often with pitting

Back 36

general fluid retention associated with cardiac, renal, or hepatic disease.

Front 37

The hernia is described as___ if it lies within the inguinal canal

Back 37

indirect

Front 38

hernia that is common in young males that pass through the external canal

Back 38

abdominal hernia

Front 39

hernia viscus is felt medial to the external canal

Back 39

direct hernia

Front 40

What diseases make the testis totally insensitive to painful stimuli?

Back 40

syphilis and diabetic neuropathy

Front 41

presence of beaded or lumpy in its course as you palpate from the testicle to the inguinal ring on the vas deferens might indicate ___, ___, ___

Back 41

diabetes or old inflammatory changes, especially tuberculosis

Front 42

___ are the most common cancer occurring in young men

Back 42

testicular tumors

Front 43

How do you test the cremasteric reflex?

Back 43

. Stroke the inner thigh with a blunt instrument such as the handle of the reflex hammer, or for a child, with your finger. The testicle and scrotum should rise on the stroked side

Front 44

The nonerect length of the penis at birth is ___

Back 44

2 to 3 cm

Front 45

In infants, A hooked, downward bowing of the penis suggests a __

Back 45

chordee.

Front 46

What can happen in an infant if you tear the prepuce from the glans?

Back 46

binding adhesions to form between the prepuce and the glans

Front 47

Mobility of the foreskin increases with time, and it should be fully retractable by ___ of age.

Back 47

3 or 4 years

Front 48

Dribbling or a reduced force or caliber of the urinary stream may indicate ____

Back 48

stenosis of the urethral meatus

Front 49

___ may be associated with a sex chromosomal abnormality 47XXY or 47XYY

Back 49

hypospadias

Front 50

A deep cleft in the scrotum (bifid scrotum) is usually associated with other ___ or ___

Back 50

genitourinary anomalies or ambiguous genitalia.

Front 51

The testicle of the newborn is approximately __ in diameter.

Back 51

1 cm

Front 52

roll the spermatic cord beneath the fingers to feel the solid structure going through the ring. If the feeling of smoothness disappears as you palpate, the peritoneum is passing through the ring, indicating an ___

Back 52

invisible hernia

Front 53

If a bright penlight transilluminates the mass, and there is no change in size when reduction is attempted, it most likely contains ___

Back 53

fluid (hydrocele with a closed tunica vaginalis)

Front 54

A mass that does not transilluminate but does change in size when reduction is attempted is probably a ___

Back 54

hernia

Front 55

A mass that neither changes in size nor transilluminates may represent an ___

Back 55

incarcerated hernia, which is a surgical emergency.

Front 56

In children, If the penis appears swollen, tender, or if ecchymotic lesions are present, be concerned about the possibility of ___

Back 56

sexual abuse

Front 57

A scrotum that remains small, flat, and undeveloped is a good indication of ____

Back 57

cryptorchidism (undescended testes).

Front 58

In children, what position is useful to showe inguinal hernias?

Back 58

tailor position

Front 59

A hard, enlarged, painless testicle may indicate a ___

Back 59

tumor.

Front 60

acute swelling in the scrotum with discoloration can result from ___

Back 60

torsion of the spermatic cord or orchitis

Front 61

Acute, painful swelling without discoloration and a thickened or nodular epididymis suggests ___

Back 61

epididymitis

Front 62

An enlarged penis without enlargement of the testes occurs with ___, ___, and some central nervous system lesions.

Back 62

precocious puberty, adrenal hyperplasia

Front 63

An ___is the protrusion of a peritoneal-lined sac through some defect in the abdominal wall

Back 63

abdominal hernia

Front 64

Femoral hernias occur at the ____

Back 64

fossa ovalis, where the femoral artery exits the abdomen

Front 65

A ____is a nonreducible hernia in which the blood supply to the protruded tissue is compromised; this condition requires prompt surgical intervention.

Back 65

strangulated hernia

Front 66

Most common type of hernia; both genders are affected; often patients are children and young males

Back 66

Indirect Inguinal

Front 67

Hernia Less common than indirect inguinal; occurs more often in males than females; more common in those older than 40 years of age

Back 67

Direct Inguinal

Front 68

Hernia Through external inguinal ring; located in region of the Hesselbach triangle; rarely enters scrotum

Back 68

Direct Inguinal

Front 69

Bulge in area of Hesselbach triangle; usually painless; easily reduced; hernia bulges anteriorly, pushes against side of finger on examination

Back 69

Direct Inguinal

Front 70

Least common type of hernia; occurs more often in females than males; rare in children

Back 70

Femoral

Front 71

Hernia Through femoral ring, femoral canal, and fossa ovalis

Back 71

Femoral

Front 72

Hernia Right side presentation more common than left; pain may be severe; inguinal canal empty on examination

Back 72

Femoral

Front 73

Hernia Through internal inguinal ring; can remain in canal, exit the external ring, and pass into scrotum; may be bilateral

Back 73

Indirect Inguinal

Front 74

Hernia Soft swelling in area of internal ring; pain on straining; hernia comes down canal and touches fingertip on examination

Back 74

Indirect Inguinal

Front 75

inability to replace the foreskin to its usual position after it has been retracted behind the glans. Impairment of local circulation can lead to edema or gangrene of the glans

Back 75

Paraphimosis

Front 76

congenital defect in which the urethral meatus is located on the ventral surface of the glans, penile shaft, or the perineal area

Back 76

Hypospadias

Front 77

Hypospadis orifice is ventral but within the substance of the glans, it is termed ___

Back 77

primary hypospadias

Front 78

Hypospadis orifice along the ventral shaft of the penis is termed ___

Back 78

secondary hypospadias

Front 79

Hypospadis orifice located at the base of the penis is termed___

Back 79

tertiary hypospadias

Front 80

The presence of hypospadias does put the infant at greater risk of having undescended testicles. Rarely, the orifice may appear on the dorsal surface, a condition called ____

Back 80

epispadias.

Front 81

The lesion of ___ generally occurs 2 weeks after exposure. It is most commonly located on the glans, but can be located on the foreskin. Painless, the lesion has indurated borders with a clear base. Scrapings from the ulcer, when examined microscopically, show spirochetes

Back 81

primary syphilis

Front 82

appears as superficial vesicles. The lesions may be located on the glans, on the penile shaft, or at the base of the penis. They are commonly quite painful, and at the time of primary infection are often associated with inguinal lymphadenopathy and systemic symptoms including fever

Back 82

Venereal herpes

Front 83

A soft, reddish lesion that arises because of infection with a papovavirus is called ___

Back 83

CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM (GENITAL WARTS)

Front 84

lesions are commonly present on the prepuce, glans penis, and penile shaft; but they may be present within the urethra as well. The lesions may undergo malignant degeneration to squamous cell carcinoma

Back 84

CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM (GENITAL WARTS)

Front 85

STI caused by a chlamydial organism

Back 85

Lymphogranuloma venereum

Front 86

Although the lesions appear on the genitalia, symptoms may be systemic. The initial lesion is a painless erosion at or near the coronal sulcus. Subsequently, local lymph nodes become involved; unless the infection is treated, draining sinus tracts may form. If lymphatic drainage is blocked, penile and scrotal lymphedema may ensue.

Back 86

Lymphogranuloma venereum

Front 87

STI caused by a poxvirus

Back 87

MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM

Front 88

lesions are pearly gray, often umbilicated, smooth, dome shaped, and with discrete margins. They occur most commonly on the glans penis

Back 88

MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM

Front 89

fibrous band in the corpus cavernosum

Back 89

PEYRONIE DISEASE

Front 90

unilateral and results in deviation of the penis during erection. Depending on the extent of the fibrous band, the condition may make erection painful and intromission impossible. No treatment has been altogether successful. Vitamin E therapy has recently become popular, and corticosteroid injection has also been used

Back 90

PEYRONIE DISEASE

Front 91

Cancer of the penis is generally ___

Back 91

squamous

Front 92

appears as a painless ulceration that, unlike a syphilitic chancre, fails to heal. The lesions are often extensive by the time help is sought, either because of fear or because the lesion is unnoticed under the foreskin

Back 92

PENILE CARCINOMA

Front 93

cystic swelling occurring on the epididymis. Smaller and but it does transilluminate

Back 93

SPERMATOCELE

Front 94

results from fluid accumulation in the tunica vaginalis

Back 94

HYDROCELE

Front 95

nontender, smooth, firm mass. confined to the scrotum and does not enter the inguinal canal. The mass will transilluminate.

Back 95

HYDROCELE

Front 96

If the tunica vaginalis is not patent, the hydrocele will generally disappear spontaneously in the first__ of life

Back 96

6 months

Front 97

An abnormal tortuosity and dilation of veins of the pampiniform plexus within the spermatic cord is termed a

Back 97

VARICOCELE

Front 98

bag of worms

Back 98

VARICOCELE

Front 99

describe the grading of Varicocele

Back 99

small (palpated only during Valsalva maneuver), moderate (easily palpated without Valsalva maneuver, and large (causing visible bulging of the scrotal skin).

Front 100

An acute inflammation of the testis, ___ is uncommon except as a complication of mumps in the adolescent or adult. It is generally unilateral and results in testicular atrophy in 50% of the cases. In older adults it may result from bacterial migration from a prostatic infection

Back 100

orchitis

Front 101

Inflammation of the ___ is often seen in association with a urinary tract infection. Or STI

Back 101

epididymis

Front 102

Systemic symptoms such as fever and examination of the urine for white blood cells and bacteria

Back 102

EPIDIDYMITIS

Front 103

Occasionally, ___ may occur as a consequence of tuberculosis

Back 103

chronic epididymitis

Front 104

irregular, nontender mass fixed on the testis. It does not transilluminate. It may be associated with inguinal lymphadenopathy; often it is not, because lymphatic drainage is to the retroperitoneal nodes

Back 104

TESTICULAR TUMOR

Front 105

Testicular tumor tends to occur in young men and is the most common tumor in males ___ of age

Back 105

15 to 30 years

Front 106

congenital anomaly associated with XXY chromosomal inheritance. It is associated with hypogonadism, including a small scrotum; female distribution of pubic hair; and, in some cases, gynecomastia

Back 106

KLINEFELTER SYNDROME

Front 107

newborn has a very small penis with hypospadias or an enlarged clitoris. There may be partial fusion of the labioscrotal fold or a bifid scrotum. Testes cannot be palpated.

Back 107

AMBIGUOUS GENITALIA

Front 108

inflammatory bands that connect opposing serous surfaces

Back 108

Adhesions

Front 109

inflammation of the glans

Back 109

balanitis

Front 110

ventral curvature of the penis

Back 110

Chordee

Front 111

surgical removal of the prepuce

Back 111

Circumcision

Front 112

reflex characterized by rising of the scrotum and testicle when the inner thigh is stroked

Back 112

Cremasteric

Front 113

undescended testes

Back 113

Cryptorchidism

Front 114

inflammation of the epididymis

Back 114

Epididymitis

Front 115

patter of hair growth on the male pubis and abdomen

Back 115

Escutcheon

Front 116

conical structure at distal aspect of penis

Back 116

Glans

Front 117

fluid accumulation in the tunica vaginalis resulting in a nontender, smooth, firm mass

Back 117

Hydrocele

Front 118

a defect on the ventrum of the penis so that the uretral meatus is more proximal than its normal glandular location

Back 118

Hypospadias

Front 119

XXY chromosomal anomaly

Back 119

KLINEFELTER SYNDROME

Front 120

acute inflammation of the testis

Back 120

Orchitis

Front 121

painful constriction of the glans penis by a phimotic foreskin, which has been retracted

Back 121

Paraphimosis

Front 122

disease characterized by a fibrous band in the corpus cavernosum

Back 122

Peyronie

Front 123

narrowness of the opening of the prepuce, preventing its being drawn back over the glans

Back 123

Phimosis

Front 124

Prolonged penile erection

Back 124

Priapism

Front 125

cystic swelling on the epididymis

Back 125

SPERMATOCELE

Front 126

rotation producing ischemia of testis

Back 126

Torsion

Front 127

abnormal tortuosity and dilation of veins in the spermatic cord

Back 127

Varicocele

Front 128

Initially a painless erosion on or near the coronal sulcus

Back 128

Lymphogranuloma venereum

Front 129

Painful superficial vesicles on the glans, penile shaft, or base of the penis

Back 129

Venereal herpes

Front 130

Dome-shaped, smooth, pearly gray lesions on the glans penis

Back 130

Molluscum contagiosum located on glans penis

Front 131

Painless lesion with clear base and indurated borders, ususally located on glans penis

Back 131

Syphilitic chancre

Front 132

Reddish lesions on preepuce, glans, and shaft; may also be present within uretha

Back 132

Genital warts

Front 133

* PenileLack of circumcision with failure to maintain good hygiene
* Condyloma acuminatum infection
* TesticularCryptorchidism with elevated testicular temperature (Elevated temperature cannot be the complete explanation because the descended testicle is also at increased risk of developing cancer.)

Back 133

"Risk Factors
Carcinoma of the Male Genitalia"