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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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desication
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drying out
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Cotyledons
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seed leaves
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serve as an energy reserve until plant is self-sufficient
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testa
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seed coat and outer layer of the seed
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protection from pathogens and desication
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radicle
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embryonic root
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later develops into main tap root
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hypocotyl
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part of stem below the cotyledons
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epicotyl
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part of stem above the cotyledons
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first true leaves of the plant derive from here
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soybean
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has no attachment so nutrients diffuse across fruit wall
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Micropyle
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small pore that allows the entrance of the pollen tube and the sperm nuclei during the process of fertilization and pollination
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hilum
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place of seed attachment to the mother during development
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funiculus
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small stalk that attaches seed to mother
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raphne
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the portion(ridge) that remains with the seed as it matures and disjoins from funiculus
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cotton
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5 layers in seed coat
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epidermis, outer pigment layer, colorless layer, palisade layer, inner pigment layer
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palisade layer
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interior to the colorless layer
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protection to absorb shock
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white membrane
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contains fringe cells and lving cells
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chalazal end
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specialized cells called the chalazal cap
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serve as a portal to allow the intake of water
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endosperm
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nutrituve tissue of the seed
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in dicots the cotyledons of developing embryos absorb this tissue leaving it underdeveloped
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Corn
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excellent example of monocot seed
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pericarp
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outer most tissue of the monocot seed
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protection
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caryopsis
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one-seeded fruit; pericarp hardens and fuses with seed to become this
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seed
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mature ovule
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testa or seed coat
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interior to the pericarp/caryopsis
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protection
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aleurone
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outer layer of the endosperm
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secretes enzymes
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endosperm
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comprises 70 to 80% of volume or weight of a monocot seed
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composed mainly of starch to store energy
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scutellum
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cotyledon
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secretes enzymes and is active in absorbing and translocating energy materials to the embryo axis
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dent in seed
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indention that forms as the seed dries down
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indicates harvest maturity
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embryo in monocot seed:
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coleoptile
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sheath that encloses the plumule
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protect the shoot during emergence
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plumule
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stem tissue above the scutellar node; young leaves and growing point
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radicle
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embryonic root
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functions as primary root system for the first 4-6 weeks until the secondary root system develops
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coleorhiza
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sheath that encloses the radicle
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protects the seed during radicle emergence against pathogenic invasion of microorganisms
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tip
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point of attachment of the seed to the ear/cob and a black layer indicates physiological maturity
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mesocotyl
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found only in monocots; stem tissue between the points of attachment of the scutellum and coleoptile
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functions in elongation to cause emergence and internode elongation
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Dicot-type plant
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contain 2 cotyledons within the seed and are characterized as broadleaf-type plants
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pedicel
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stalk that bears a single flower or floret in the flower cluster or inflorescence
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receptacle
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located at the enlarged tip of the pedicel
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actual point of attachment of the flower
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sepals
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green leaf-like structures mounted directly on the receptacle
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calyx
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collection of sepals
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petals
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inner leaf-like parts of a flower and are generally very colorful
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corolla
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collection of petals
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pistil
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female reproductive unit; both in dicots and monocots
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stigma
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where the pollen adheres and germinates
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style
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connects the stigma and ovary
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ovary
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is te enlarged basal portion of the female reproductive structure and contains one or more ovules and eventually becomes the seed
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stamen
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male reproductive system
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anther
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pollen is formed and matured within 2 pollen sacs in the anther
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filament
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stalk-like portion bearing the anther at its tip
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Pollination and Feritlization
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pollen from the male reproductive structure lands on the top of the stigma and if condition are conducive, germinates
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germination
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the pollen forms a pollen tube and grows downward through the style and upon reaching the ovaries releases the male nuclei into the ovum and fertilization then occurs
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3 types of monocot flowers
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panicle, raceme, spike
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rachis
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central portion of all types of monocot flowers
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panicle-type
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type of monocot flower: individual branches extend from the rachis; off of each main branch are smaller branches called pedicels; tip of each pedicel is the spikelet that contains the floral units
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raceme-type
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type of monocot flower:no branches extending from the rachis, only a pedicel with spikelets
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spike-type
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no branches and no pedicels; spikelets attached directly to the rachis
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spikelet (in each type)
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consists of two glumes and one or more individual florets
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glumes
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pair of empty scale-like bracts; located at the base of the grass spikelet
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rachilla
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attach each floret to the spikelet
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floret
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small flower; actual reproductive structure similar to a dicot flower;in grasses includes the lemma, the palea, and the enclosed reproductive components
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lemma
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bract that usually encloses or partially encloses a flower in the spikelet of the grasses
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palea
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inner and usually smaller of two scaly bracts immediately subtending the grass flower in the spikelet
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awn
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is an extension of the vein or mid-rib of the lemma
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lodicules
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two small structures located at the base of the pistil that function to open the floret during time of pollination and fertilization
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