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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gymnosperm |
plants that produce naked seeds |
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Angiosperm |
plants that produce enclosed seeds |
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What are the 2 types of vessels and what are they for? |
Phloem : Food & Nutrients Xylem: Water |
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what adaptations provide success in seed plants? |
reproductive adaptations and improved vascular system |
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What is inside a seed? |
a plant embryo/ partially developed plant |
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how does the size of seed plants vary? |
small duck weeds to giant redwoods and eucalyptus trees (100 m tall) |
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How does vascular tissue give seed plants an advantage? |
allows seed plants to reach heights unattainable in the non-vascular world |
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What are some examples of gymnosperms? |
pines, spruces, junipers, firs |
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What are some characteristics of gymnosperms? |
thin, needle-like leaves covered in a hard, waxy cuticle to keep from drying out. |
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What are the living conditions of gymnosperms? |
hot dry summers, cold winters, moderate rainfall. |
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what is the ecological role of gymnosperms? |
maintain gases in the atmosphere by removing CO2 and adding oxygen "earths lungs" , controls flooding by absorbing water with roots and prevents topsoil from being eroded/ blown away. |
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What is the economical role of gymnosperms? |
building/ furniture construction, newspaper, paper products, medicine, varnishes, disinfectants, fuels, turpentine |
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Explain how there are two types of spores in two types of cones. |
Male cones: the spore mother cells undergo meiosis and produce microspores which develop into pollen grains containing a male gametophyte
Female Cones: they bear ovules which inside a mother cell undergoes meiosis where one haploid spore resulting from meiosis survives and develops into a female gametophyte called a megaspore |
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explain fertilization of gymnosperms |
each spring pine trees produce millions of pollen grains which have winglike structures that enable to be dispersed by wind. After landing on a female cone the pollen is trapped in a sticky sap made by the female cone. as the sap dries out it pulls the pollen into the ovule. |
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explain what happens after the fertilization of gymnosperms |
the resulting zygote develops into an embryo. The embryo, female gametophyte, and seed coat are shed from the pine cone. |
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Define Coevolution |
when 2 different species exert selective pressures on each other. |
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What are the male parts of the flower? |
Stamen- The male part Filament- a stalk Anther- where the pollen grains are formed |
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What are the female parts of the flower? |
Stigma: sticky part where pollen grains land on and grow Style- slender stalk where pollen grains reach the ovary-contains the ovule ovule- inside the ovary which contains an embryo sac that holds the egg cell carpel / pistil- the whole female part micropyle- a small hole where semen and nuclei enter through |
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Which parts are neither male or female? |
Petals- meant to attract the pollinators sepals- green leaf-like structures that surround the carpel and stamen seed- changes into a fruit, contains embryotic plant and stored food |
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what are the three ways of seed dispersal |
wind- light weight seeds/ parachute like structureW animals- feces of animals, seeds caught in fur, mixed into mud stick on animals feet water- air trapped in tissues to float/ waxy water proof coating |
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Define Pollen Grains |
small grains containing male gametophyte |
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Define pollination |
process in which pollen is carried from the anther to the stigma or from the male cone to female cone |
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What are the pollen dispersal agents |
Wind dispersal- for flowers that are small and inconspicuous and lack odor and nectar
Insect pollination: the majority of flowering plants. mainly bees, insects pollen sticks to insects body and is rubbed off onto the stigmas |
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what is taxol and where does it come from? |
the bark of the pacific yew Taxus breviolia, it is an anticancer drug. |
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In a gymnosperm, male and female cones are produces by an: |
diploid sporophyte |
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in an angiosperm, flowers are produced by an: |
diploid sporophyte |
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what happens after a pollen grain lands on the style: |
a pollen tube begins to grow |
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where is food stored in the seed? |
the endosperm |
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Monocots have: |
- 1 cotyledon - parallel veins - parts multiples of 3 vascular bundles scattered - fibrous roots |
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dicots have: |
- 2 cotyledon - branched veins - multiples of 4/5 - vascular bundles in a ring - taproot
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why do seed baring plants no longer need standing water |
pollen replaces sperm and does not need fluid to be transported because it floats in wind |
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how do gymnosperms differ from angiosperms |
angiosperms have ovaries and gymnosperms have pollen tubes |
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which structure evolves into the pollen grain? |
male gametophyte |
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which part of the flower develops into the fruit? |
the ovary |
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what is the function of a fruit? |
it helps ensure the seed dispersal of the parent plant |
