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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Estuaries
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Rivers that go into the sea, but the tide has influence, are flume shaped
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Hydrolosis
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Adds water, splits h20
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Rheopatric
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Viscosity increases with time; i.e. jello solidifies
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Reynolds Number
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the number that tells you at what pressure the velocity skyrockets because of turbulence; r = velocity x lift / kinetic viscosity
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Froude Number
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More than One = supercritical (ripples flow in 1dir)
Less than one = subcritical One = critical f = velocity/square root of acceleration x depth of bottom |
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cohesive transport
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sediment so small it becomes electrically charged; clays, etc.
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flocculation
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when sediments are dropped from suspension
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Ventrifact
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formations that have been polished/grooved by airborne glass or sand particles, found in deserts
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The three major matrixes
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Quartz, feldspar, clay
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Triangular Prism of Quartz, Feldspars and Lithics
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***See textbook page marked
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Diagenesis
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When metamorphism occurs after lithification, but no melting occurs
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GRAIN CLASSIFICATIONS
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***see pink sticky mark
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Biogenic Alteration
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1. Cementation
2. Recrystallization 3. Replacement 4. Compaction 5. Dissolution |
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FORMATIONS: Cross-bedded fluvial dune
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- Goldilocks ripples
- Ripples get longer with speed ***See grain size/meters per second graph; bottom corner is ripples, then dune in diagaonal off the middle, then upper planar beds, then antidunes on top, then erosion |
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FORMATIONS: Multiple cross bedded layers in different directions
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EOLIAN TRANSPORT
- Deserts - Stoss slope, crest, bring, slip face, toe, apron - Winter storms create thick layers, summer storms make thin ones - WATER LEVEL preserves it |
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FORMATIONS: Dune shapes
- Barchan - Parabolic - Linear - Star |
**see notes
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FORMATIONS: Inverse bedding
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GRAIN FLOW
- Rock slide - Small particles super charged, land first |
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FORMATIONS:
Cross Bedding Boulders Cobbles Mud |
ALLUVIAL FAN
- Baja = multiple lobes - Formed by gravity - Need tectonics to keep it up |
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FORMATIONS: multiple Ripples on flat surface
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OCEAN WAVES (deep ocean; as far as movement purcolated)
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FORMATIONS:
Cobbles Fossils/clams Ripples Dunes Mud |
BEACH SEDIMENT
- tidal zone - increase in size due to winter storms |
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FORMATIONS:
Silt Sandy Silt Sand Silty Sand Silt |
DELTA FLOOD
- River is higher than ocean - RIVER DOMINATED |
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FORMATIONS
Sand Silt Sand Silt |
SEA LEVEL RISING WITH DELTA
- Wave-dominated |
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FORMATIONS
Silt Sand Silt Silt Silt Sand Silt |
DELTA THAT MOVES OUTWARDS
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Type A Estuary
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WELL DEFINED INTERFACE BETWEEN SALT AND FRESH
- See straight bedding on beach, very little mixing - Tidal Flow/River Discharge = under 20 |
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Type B Estuary
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WELL DEFINED BUT SOME EDDIES AT BORDER BETWEEN SALT AND FRESH
- strongly localized mud sediment - TF/RD = 90-200 |
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Type C Estuary
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WELL MIXED WATER
- Moves up and down river - Thin sand, then mud |
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Formation: 14 distinct layers of sediment
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Tidal Bundle
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Formation: Flame Structure
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Water is forced upwards due to pressure
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Formation:
Mud Cap Silt (lower planar beds) Sand (ripples) Horizontal sand layers (upper planar beds) Normal Bedding |
BOUMA SEQUENCE
- Hallmark of turbulent transport |
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Formation:
Deep ocean canyons |
MARINE GRAVITY FLOWS
- Becomes viscous as it collapses - Ends with vertical process - Caused by turbitidy currents |
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turbidite
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sediment-loaded water that moves more quickly because the sediment makes it more dense than the water above
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Contourites
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When ocean sediments move continental sediments on shelf
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Coreolis Pattern
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When a sediment moves up and the water moves left, when it moves down, water moves to right
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Formation:
Mud Silt Mud Sandy Silt Silty Sand Mud |
Turbidity Current
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Allochthon, autochon
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Coming from elsewhere, coming from local
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Calcium Carbonate in Oceans
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- CCD = line where CO
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