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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sedimentary Rocks |
The result of deposited material which eroded from other rocks and was cemented and lithified by time, pressure, and sometimes exposure to fluids |
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Chemical and Biogenic |
Result of precipitation from water or biochemical processes
Examples: halite, gypsum, limestone, diatomite |
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Carbonaceous |
Result of organic matter decay
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Clastic or detrital |
Result of transport
Examples: mustones, sandstones, conglomerates |
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Altered minerals |
Result of leaching
Examples: kaolin, bauxite |
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Grain Size |
Indicative of environment under which sediments were deposited: fine grained material required low energy -> air or water were carriers. Fine grains can also mean particles were transported and eroded for long distance |
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Stratigraphy |
Nearly all sedimentary rocks are layered; this is due to their origins. Layers are almost always deposited horizontally. |
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Evaporites |
Formed by precipitation of minerals from solutions when concentration reaches saturation from water evaporation
Examples: halides, sulphates, nitrates, borates, carbonates |
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Potash |
An evaporite. Refers to all soluble potassium salts.
Sylvinite is the rock that contains NaCl (halite) and KCl (sylvite) |
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Lithium |
LiCl is precipitated and turned into Li2CO3 which is used to make batteries 924% of Li production), lubricants, pharmaceuticals, etc |
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Cryptocrystalline Silica |
Chert, opal, chalcedony (onyx, carnelian, petrified wood)
Chert formed by chemical or biogenic processes |
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Diatomite |
Biogenic. Consists of fossilized remains of diatoms. Used as filtration aid, mild abrasive, various other uses |
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Pearls |
Microcrystalline calcium. Produced by mollusks when irritating microscopic object becomes trapped within the mollusk |
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Phosphates |
Phosphorites
Carbonatites
Guano |
