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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 2 factors that affect ingenous rock textures?
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Magma and Lava
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Phaneritic Texture
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large crystals, coarse grained, visible to the eye, cooling magma, plutonic environment
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Amphanitic Texture
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fine grained, small crystal, volcanic environment
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Porphyritic Texture
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2 minerals, lg and small grains, phenocrysts,
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Glassy Texture
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no minerals, rapid cooling, volcanic environment
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Vesicular Texture
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vesicle within igneous rock
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Pyroclastic Texture
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pyroclastic eruptions,numerous grains weeded together, volcanic environment
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Felsic
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65% of silica
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Intermediate
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55-65% of silica
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Mafic
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45-55% of silica
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Pegmatite
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crystals much larger, few in. to 100 ft thick, precious gemstones
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Dike
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discordant feature, cut across rock layer, tabular shaped intrusion
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Sill
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concordant feature,runs parallel to rock layer, tabular shaped intrusion
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Volcanic Pipe/Neck
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cylindrical conduit connects its crater to a magma champer, Devil's Tower
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Laccolith
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concordant feature, mature sills, mushroom shape,larger in mass than sill
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Pegmatite
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crystals much larger, few in. to 100 ft thick, precious gemstones
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Dike
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discordant feature, cut across rock layer, tabular shaped intrusion
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Sill
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concordant feature,runs parallel to rock layer, tabular shaped intrusion
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Volcanic Pipe/Neck
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cylindrical conduit connects its crater to a magma champer, Devil's Tower
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Laccolith
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concordant feature, mature sills, mushroom shape,larger in mass than sill
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Batholith
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dicordant, largest of all intrusive plutonic stucture, felsic/intermediate magma
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Granitization
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hot batholith alters surrounding rock
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Stoping
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detaching pieces of country rock by rising magma, separates batholith
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Metamorphic
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"change in form"
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What types of rocks can be metamorphosed?
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igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary
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What does NOT take place during metamorphism?
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NO true melting
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Parent Rock
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intial rock that gets change dit to metamorphism process
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What happens to the heat and or pressure intensity as the grade of metamorphism increases?
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creates a new rock
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Heat
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increases rate of chemical reactions that produce different minerals
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Sources of Heat
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intrusive magma deep along subduction zone
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Geothermal Gradient
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*20-30 degrees C*
temp increases/depth at rate in earth's crust |
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Pressure
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weight of overlying rocks, closely packed mineral grains,recrystallization
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Contact Metamorphism
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body of magma alters surrounding country rock
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Dynamic Metamorphism
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results from high differential pressure, near faults, only pressure
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Fault breccia
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rock crusted into very fine components
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Regional Metamorphism
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most metamorphic rocks, makes up shields, extreme heat and pressure, convergent plate boundary
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% of Earth's continental surface covered by sedimentary rocks?
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75%
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Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
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1.Weathering
2.Transportation 3.Deposition 4.Compaction 5.Lithification |
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Rock Strata
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rock layers
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Clast
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rock fragment/grain resulting from the breakdown of larger rocks
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Sediment Sizes
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Boulders: 256mm
Cobbles:64-256mm Pebble:2-64mm Sand:0.0625-2mm Silt:0.002-0.0625 Clay:0.002 |
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Chemical Sedimentary Rock
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mineral/biological precipitation mix
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Bedding
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strata are distinct rock layers that are similar in chracteristics
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Cross Bedding
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form in any environ. in wind/water flowers and sand/gravel exists on bed of the systems
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Graded Bedding
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progressive decrease in grain size upward through the bed
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Ripple Marks
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due to movement in water and mark is left behind in rock
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Mud Cracks
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occur when water evaporates and mude begins to lose moisture
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Alluvial Fans
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fan shaped deposits of gravel, sand and mud
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Trace Fossils
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organisms left evidence that once existed in fossil record
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Eolian Environment
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Desert
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Swamp Environment
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humid regions, plant and tree life, still water,
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Lacustrine Environment
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lake, non-marine water, low energy
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Glacial Environment
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deposited in glaciers
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Marine environment
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salt water,ocean
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Shoreline Environment
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continental edges, wave erode bedrock and soil
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Fluvial Environment
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flow of continental waterover or through earth's surface ex. river/streams
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