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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are sedatives used for?
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overall calming of a person
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What are hypnotics used for?
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to facilitate or cause sleep
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Do benzodiazepines & barbiturates relieve pain?
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no NOT at all they are not analgesics
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What are the main dangers of using sedatives?
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-CNS depression
-tolerance/dependence & withdrawal -sleep driving |
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Why should we limit the use of hypnotics & sedatives in elderly?
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-CNS depression
-FALLS risk -confusion |
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What is the indications for benzodiazepines?
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-anxiety
-insomnia -seizures |
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What schedule drugs are benzodiazepines & barbiturates?
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Schedule II & III
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Do benzodiazepines cure a person for anxiety?
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no they do not cure they just control symptoms
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Will you see withdrawal symptoms is benzodiazepines are stopped immediately?
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yes, they must be tapered
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What are some general SE of benzodiazepines?
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-exacerbate apnea/airway obstruction
-minor respiratory depression -amnesia -problems in judgment -problems be accuracy of memory |
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What pharmacologic classification does alprazolam (Xanax)?
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benzodiazepines
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What are the indications for alprazolam (Xanax)?
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-anxiety disorder
-panic disorder -anxiety assoc. w/ depression |
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What are the SE of alprazolam (Xanax)?
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-dizziness
-drowsiness -lethargy |
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Are benzodiazepines water or lipid soluble?
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lipid soluble (crosses BBB)
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What is the benzodiazepine anatagonist?
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flumazenil
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What are the indications for barbiturates?
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-ultra short acting for insomnia, preanesthetics
-intermediate acting for sedative-hypnotics -long acting for epilepsy, neurologic disorders |
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What is the prototype for short acting barbiturates?
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short-acting phenobarbital (Nembutal)
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What are the indications for short-acting phenobarbital (Nembutal)?
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-adjuncts to anesthesia
-treatment of insomnia -seizure disorder -anxiety (short term only) |
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What are the SE of short-acting phenobarbital (Nembutal)?
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-CNS depression (daytime hangover)
-loss of REM sleep -respiratory depression at high doses -decrease in levels of vitamin K & D |
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What is the caution with short-acting phenobarbital (Nembutal)?
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-tolerance/dependence & withdrawal
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When you have abrupt withdrawal of short-acting phenobarbital (Nembutal) what may we see?
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-seizures in clients w/epilepsy
-abstinence syndrome -physical, emotional deterioration -anorexia, weakness, chills -abd cramping, lower back pain, n/v/d -elevated BP & HR |
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What is zolpidem (Ambien) indicated for?
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insomnia
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What is zalelplon (Sonata) indicated for?
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insomnia
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If you use zolpidem (Ambien) & zalelplon (Sonata) long term what may happen?
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-dependent on them to get to sleep
-may get rebound insomnia |
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What are the SE of insomnia drugs?
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-daytime drowsiness if taken too late
-may get motor paralysis -sleep walking & driving |
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What is the #1 cause of seizures in pt's w/known seizure disorder?
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-not taking their medications
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What is the prototype for hydantoins (anticonvulsants)?
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phenytoin (Dilantin)
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What is the indications for phenytoin (Dilantin)?
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-tonic-chronic seizures
-trigeminal neuralgia |
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What are the SE of phenytoin (Dilantin)?
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-rash (can be stevens-johnson syndrome)
-gingival overgrowth |
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What does toxicity look like the phenytoin (Dilantin)?
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-very serious CNS depression
-cardiac depression = coma -no antidote |
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Does phenytoin (Dilantin) have a narrow or wide therapeutic window?
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very narrow
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How can phenytoin (Dilantin) effect the unborn fetus?
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-assoc. w/cranio-facial defects
-can cause neuro birth defects -assoc. w/heart defects -newborns bleed (impairs vit K metabolism) |
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What role does diazepam (Valium) play in seizure control?
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-drug of choice for status epilepticus (constant seizures)
-single IV dose can stop seizures within 5 mins -dose may have to be repeated -then pt will be placed on IV phenobarbital |
