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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Produce Drowsiness, Used for Insomnia
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Hypontics
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Decrease Neurological Activity, Used to treat symptoms of anxiety.
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Sedatives
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Estimated heritability of 20- 40% based on Twin studies.
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Anxiety Disorders
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Thirsty Rat Conflict showed what?
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Rats on anxiety medications were more acceptable of receiving electrical shocks when drinking their water. Rats that were not on anxiety medications were less likely to drink because of the associated punishment,
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Hypnotic-Sedative Drugs decrease neurological activity by enhancing the actions of:
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GABA: an inhibitory neurotransmitter
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Serotonin receptor agonist that shows anxiolytic activity with low sedation
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5-HT: 1A
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Used for treating both anxiety and insomnia. Potentiate GABA receptors
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Benzodiazepines
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Used to reduce PHYSICAL symptoms of anxiety
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Beta - adrenoceptor antagonist
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Ambien, sonata
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Z-drugs
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Block the reuptake of serotonin. May not work for a few weeks so should be taken with a Benzo.
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SSRI
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Partial agonist of 5-HT 1A receptors. Good to use for people who are prone substance or alcohol abuse. Very slow onset.
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Buspirone (BuSpar)
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Side effects of Buspirone (BuSpar)
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Tachycardia, palpitations, nervousness, GI distress, dose-dependent pupillary constriction, elevated blood pressure (patients with MAO inhibitors).
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Receptor that binds GABA
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GABA- a
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Activation of the GABAA receptor results in an increase in ____ ion
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Cl-
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Activation of the GABAA receptor requires the binding and cooperative interaction of ____ molecules of GABA
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2
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___subunits needed to compose a functional GABA-a receptor
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5
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GABA binds at the interface of ________
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alpha and beta subunits
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Benzodiazepines (BZD) bind at the interface of_____
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a and (upside down y) subunits
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Do not bind benzodiazepines
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alpha 4 and alpha 6
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These Benzos tend to be more selective towards sedation, ataxia, and amnesia
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Benzos with a higher affinity for alpha 1 and alpha 5 subunits
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These Benzos tend to be more selective towards anti-anxiety effects
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Benzos with higher affinity for a2 and a3 subunits
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Two effects that Benzodiazepines have in peripheral tissues
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Coronary Vasodilation and Neuromuscular blockade
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Benzodiazepine with a RAPID elimination rate
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Midazolam and Triazolam
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Benzodiazepine with a INTERMEDIATE elimination rate
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alprazolam, lorazepam, temazepam
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Benzodiazepine with a SLOW elimination rate
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clonazepam, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide
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Effects of Benzodiazepines on Respiration
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Effects only with high doses. Respiratory acidosis and apnea
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Effects of Benzodiazepines on Cardiovascular System
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Decreased BP and increased HR
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Effects of Benzodiazepines on GI system
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Some improvement in anxiety-related GI disorders.
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Benzodiazepine used for panic disorders
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Alprazolam (Xanax)
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Benzodiazepine used for anxiety disorder or alcohol withdrawal.
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Clorazepate (Tranxene)
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Benzodiazepine used for anxiety, depression, or schizophrenia. Long acting, 1 – 3 days
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Diazepam (Valium)
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Benzodiazepine
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Lorazepam (Ativan)
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Benzodiazepine are Highly _______ soluble so readily enter CNS
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Lipid
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Main side effect of Ambien or Sonata
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Sleep walking
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Z-Drugs
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Zolpidem (Ambien)
Zaleplon (Sonata) |
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Benzodiazepines that are used to treat sleep disorders. shorter acting
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estazolam (ProSom)
flurazepam (Dalmane) quazepam (Doral) temazepam (Restoril) triazolam (Halcion). |
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phenobarbital, potentially deadly. respiratory depression
Potentiates gaba in low doses, activate receptor independently in higher doses. Not used often |
barbituates
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