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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the order of depressant effects in relation to increasing dose for general CNS depressants?
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Anti-anxiety, Sedation, Hypnosis, Coma, Surgical anesthesia, Death.
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What is a major difference in effect of benzodiazepines vs. barbituates?
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Barbituates cause respiratory depression, Benzodiazepines do not unless they are taken with other CNS depressants.
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What is the mechanism of action of barbituates?
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They act allosterically on GABA-a receptors, potentiating their action.
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What ion is infused by the opening of GABA-a receptors and what does this cause?
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The opening of GABA receptors causes an influx of Cl- which hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane.
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What areas of the brain do barbituates effect/
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Reticular activating system and the limbic system.
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What is the major ultra-short acting barbituate?
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Thiopental
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What are the short-intermediate acting barbituates?
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Pentobarbital,secobarbital, amobarbital.
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What is the main lond acting barbituate?
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Phenobarbital
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Do barbituates bind reversibly or irreversibly?
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They are reversible
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What is th cause of death in acute barbituate poisoning?
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Cardaic depression and collapse.
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Do barbituates cause tolerance and addiction?
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Yes
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Is the therapeutic window for barbituates large or small?
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Small
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At what dose above the normal do barbituates cause failure of the chemoreceptor/hypoxic drive?
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10x the normal dose.
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You should never give barbituates to a patient with...
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Porphoryia.
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What is the effect of barbituates on the liver?
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They induce hepatic P450 enzymes.
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What skin disorder is a rare compliction of a hypersensitivity reaction to phenobarbital?
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Epidermolysis bullosum.
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Barbituates cause an increased metabloism of which drugs?
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Vit D, Vitamin K anticoagulants, and steroids.
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What are barbituates used for besides anesthesia?
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Anticonvulsant therapy.
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Choral Hydrate
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Sedative hypnotic used in children.
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Paraldehyde
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Sedative hypnotic used in alcohol withdrawl
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Ethchlorvinol
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Sedative hypnotic used occassionaly used as an anticonvulsant.
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Meprobamate
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Sedative hypnotic. High abuse potential. Indigestible filler in the tablets may cause gastric bezoars.
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Do benzodiazepines have a high or low therapeutic index.
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High
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What is the mechanism of benzodiazepine effects.
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Enhances GABA-mediated Cl- flux and hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane. Does not work directly on the receptor
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What are the short acting benzos?
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Tiazolam, midazolam
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What is the major intermediate acting benzo?
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Temazepam
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What are the long acting benzos?
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Diazepam, flurazepam, chlordiazepoxide.
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What are the toxic effects of benzos?
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Ataxia, confusion, amnesia, dependence and abuse.
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What are the novel benzodiazepine-receptor agonists?
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Zaleplon (Sonata)
Zolpidem (Ambiem) Eszopiclone (Lunesta) |
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Flumazenil
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Benzodiazepine-receptor antagonist.
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