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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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types of sedative drugs
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decrease excitement, calms, releif of anxiety
hynotic- produces drosiness and indcues sleep antianxiety- relief of anxiety, a sedative |
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BZ flatter dose response curve
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ceiling effect, makes it hard to produce full anesthesia, difficult to produce resp depression. large margin of safety, large therapeutic index. when benzo used with alcohol, -> resp depression and death. difficult to produe true anestesia and death with BZ alone
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characteristics of all sedative hypnotics
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relief of axneity, sedation, stages of anesthsia, euphoria- disinhibition, hypnosis, anesthesia, death
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BZ_ absorption and distribution
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All BZ are lipophilici, reapidly and completely absorbed after oral use, and districubet thruout body. Chlordiazepoxide and diazepam are not well absorbed. Lorazepam and Midazolam are well absorbed I.M. IM. IV: Diazepam and Lorazepam- status epilepticus
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All BZs undergo hepatic metabolism
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Mant benzodiazepines are oxidized into liver to active metabolites with longer half lives than parent drug (Alprazolam, traiazolam, midazolam) are oxidized to short acting or inactive metabolites
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MOA: BZ
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bind GABA alpha reeptor at distinctive site, open Cl channel-. hyperpolarization -> increase inhibitory effect of GABA
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CNS effects of BZ
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relief of anxiety, low dosease that produce very little sedation and drowsiness. b) Sedation and Hyhnosis , INDUCE SLEEP, decrease latency of sleep onset, increase duration of sstage 2 sleep (NREM , decrease duration of REM sleep, decrease duration of slow wave sleep (stage 3 and stage 4) tolerance develops with continued use. REM Rebound- increase in REM sleep and or/ insomnia following WITHDRAWL
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Anesthetic like stage with BZ
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IV midazolam", (versed), Lorazepam (ativan), Diazepam (valium)
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Anticonvulsant effects of BZ
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Zkibazeoan (nopin), Diazepam, Lorazepam (tolerance increases readily
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Central muscle relaxant effects- BZ
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MOA: increase inhibitory effect of GABA on interneurons in the spinal cord- diazepam , decrease transmission at skeletal NMJ
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BZ: Clinical uses
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relief of anxiety. Major use- situational anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disrders- high potency BZ. (Alprazolam- Xanax. Clonazepam- Knlonopin. , Phobias, OCD, Innefective. NOT used for OCD"s use instead-0 SSRI's -PROAZAC .
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Drug of Choice for BZ
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Longer acting agent is more reliable in relief of anxiety. EG. Diazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam preferred for elderly
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