Sed Final

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Allochems

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Are bits and pieces of calcium carbonate material that have a history of entertainment, transport, and deposition as clastic components .

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Pisoids

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Are spherical to sub-spherical coated grains of calcium carbonate similar in shape and internal organization to ooids, but coarser >2 mm.

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Orthochemical Fragments

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are Insitu grains within carbonate rocks that are deposited at the precise point where they were initially formed

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Lime Mud's are

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Inorganic precipitation of calcium carbonate

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Rim cements

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are overgrowth of calcite rimming grains

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Blocky, equant cements

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are equant crystal mosaics of sparry cement

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Drusy Cements

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are radiates away from the center of the void space and lines the cavity

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Syntaxial over growths

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are framework grains composed of single crystal ofcalcite that has been overgrown by calcite cement precipitated in the sameoptical direction

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Allochthonous

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means formed somewhere else and transported to itscurrent location.

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Rapid fluctuations of sea level responsible for rapid change in depth of the facies is called

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eustatic model

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Carbonate debris from the reef washes or slumps down the reef front and into the flank beds which dips gently away from from the core is called

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Reef Flank

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Bedded chert

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is microcrystalline quartz that occurs as ribbon-like individual bands, layers, or laminae produced by the in place accumulation of siliceous components, such as diatoms, radiolarian, and sponge spicules, and recrystallized at the depositional site; hence it is primary in origin.

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Vitrain is

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coal layers are shiny black and brittle and show a conchoidal fracture

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Clarain is

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exhibit a silky luster and internal lamination

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Durain

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exhibits a dull luster and irregular fracture.

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Cyclothems

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are rhythmically repeating vertically order sedimentary rock sequences in which individual lithologies supercede one another in a predictable fashion

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Messinian event is a

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late Miocene evaporation event in the Mediterranean sea which produced thick salt and gypsum beds in the island of Sicily and on the entire floor of the Mediterranean basin

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Cataclastic rocks

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are fragmental components in sediments or sedimentary rocks generated by crushing, breaking, and brittle responses of rocks along fault planes.

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Pyroclastic rocks

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are rocks or fragmental components in sediment or sedimentary rocks generated by explosive volcanism rather than physical (mechanical) weathering (epiclastic)

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Facies

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is the appearance or aspect of a sedimentary rock body as contrasted with another part of the body.

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Repressive sequence

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is facies shift seaward (progradation) during low stands of sea level

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Walther’s Law

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is facies that occur in conformable vertical succession of strata also occur in laterally adjacent sedimentary environments.

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Disconformity

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is a sedimentary sequence above and below the unconformity are parallel but there is an erosional contact between them.

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Diastem

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is a small-scale, obscure unconformities in the stratigraphic record.

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Event stratigraphy

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is a correlation by events (such as the peak of transgression or regression in each rock unit) rather than correlation by the rock unit itself.

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Overlapping range zones

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is the biostratigraphic principle of defining zones by the overlap of two stratigraphic ranges

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Teilzone

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is a partial range zone

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Lineage zone

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is a biostratigraphic zone defined by the first appearance of successive taxa within a single lineage.

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Spontaneous Potential (SP)

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measures the difference in electrical potential between two widely spaced electrodes a grounded electrode and an electrode on the sonde

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resistivity

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Measures resistivity of fluids contained in the surrounding rock to applied electrical

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Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP)

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is a technique of seismic measurements used for correlation with surface seismic data

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Maximum flooding surface is a

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marine-flooding surface that forms the first significant flooding surface in a swquence