Section I: The Nature Of The Ocean

Front 1

Diatoms shells are made of what?

Back 1

Opal

Front 2

Does evaporation add or subtract to ocean salinity? Precipitation?

Back 2

Add; subtracts

Front 3

What are crustaceans? Give one example.

Back 3

Planktonic animals with jointed legs and exoskeleton

Front 4

Close to the deep-sea floor , the temperature of the ocean ranges between __?

Back 4

34 and 39 degrees Farenheit

Front 5

What is the photic zone?

Back 5

Sunlit surface waters that extend 330 ft where marine plants live

Front 6

Oceans are divided into smaller bodies of water called ____?

Back 6

Seas, gulfs, bays

Front 7

How much oil is estimated to lie undiscovered beneath the ocean?

Back 7

63-530 billion barrels

Front 8

What do oceanographers study?

Back 8

1.how the ocean moves
2.how it affects the atmosphere
3.how organisms live in the sea
4.how various forces shape the sea floor

Front 9

How many species of fish does the ocean house?

Back 9

13,300

Front 10

The ocean contains what percent of all the water on earth?

Back 10

97%

Front 11

What is the continental shelf?

Back 11

Submerged land at the edge of the continents
From shoreline its slopes to 430 ft, 47 mi wide

Front 12

What are the major resources the ocean provides?

Back 12

Food, energy, minerals, medicines

Front 13

Name the major wind-driven currents.

Back 13

North and South Equatorial, California, Canary, Gulf, Stream, Kuroshio (Japan Current), Labrador, Peru, Antarctic Circumpolar (West Wind Drift)

Front 14

What is the average depth of the Indian Ocean?

Back 14

12, 600 ft

Front 15

Name two phytoplankton.

Back 15

Diatoms, dinoflagellates

Front 16

The ___ has the warmest surface water.

Back 16

Pacific

Front 17

What minerals recovered from the ocean are used to make construction materials?

Back 17

Sand gravel

Front 18

What is the range of ocean surface temperatures? Where?

Back 18

28 degrees(poles) - 86 degrees(equator) Farenheit

Front 19

Why are some sands valuable?

Back 19

They are rich in phosphorite.

Front 20

How much is worldwide commercial fish catch from the ocean?

Back 20

200 billion pounds

Front 21

Crustaceans make what percent of planktonic animals?

Back 21

70%

Front 22

What are the deepest areas that are long narrow valleys on the sea floor?

Back 22

Trenches

Front 23

What is the continental rise?

Back 23

Accumulated sediment from shelf and slope
Extend 600 mi from slope

Front 24

What are the waters surrounding Antarctica called?

Back 24

Antarctic Ocean, Southern Ocean

Front 25

What are the nekton?

Back 25

Free swimmers that live deep in the ocean

Front 26

What is the world ocean? Name another name for it.

Back 26

All the waters of the ocean; global ocean

Front 27

What are some nektonic mammals?

Back 27

Dugongs, manatees, porpoises (always in water)
Sea lions, sea otters, seals, walruses (land also)

Front 28

What is the average depth of the world ocean?

Back 28

12,200 feet

Front 29

What is the continental margin?

Back 29

Part of the seabed that borders the continents: shelf, slope, rise

Front 30

People eat ___% of fish caught directly. The rest is used in ____.

Back 30

60; fish oil, fish meal, livestock feed, pet food

Front 31

Discuss the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.

Back 31

Also known as West Wind Drift
Strongest, only one that circles earth

Front 32

The Pacific Ocean stretches from where to where? How far?

Back 32

Panama to Malay Peninsula; 15,000 miles

Front 33

Deposits near undersea hot springs contain what elements?

Back 33

Copper, iron, zinc

Front 34

How tall is Mount Everest?

Back 34

29,035 feet

Front 35

What is kelp? Why is it valued?

Back 35

Large, brown variety of seaweed; source of algin

Front 36

What is the Arctic Ocean and its other name?

Back 36

North of Asia, Europe, North America, considered part of the Atlantic; Artic Sea

Front 37

What are nodules? What other elements do they contain?

Back 37

Manganese deposits that lie on the ocean bottom in lumps
Cobalt, copper, nickel

Front 38

Besides the ocean, where is the water on earth?

Back 38

Glaciers and icecaps, lakes and rivers, underground, air

Front 39

How are waves created?

Back 39

Winds, earthquakes, gravitational pull of the moon and sun

Front 40

What is surimi?

Back 40

Fish product developed in Japan and made into imitation crab

Front 41

What are the three groups of ocean life?

Back 41

Plankton, nekton, benthos

Front 42

Hake is used for what?

Back 42

Protein powder

Front 43

Discuss the goby.

Back 43

Smallest fish (Trimmatom nanus), lives in the Indian Ocean grows up to 2/5 inch

Front 44

Name the oceans in order of size.

Back 44

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian

Front 45

How does water move in an ocean wave?

Back 45

Up and down, no forward motion except when it reaches land

Front 46

According to Arnold Gordon, the market for what is growing?

Back 46

Squids

Front 47

What size are hurricane waves?

Back 47

100 ft

Front 48

What is krill?

Back 48

Shrimplike animal with high protein

Front 49

What is algin?

Back 49

Thickening substance used in ice cream, salad dressing, cosmetics

Front 50

What are whitecaps?

Back 50

Where the wave breaks

Front 51

How far can the shelf extend in the Arctic region? Pacific?

Back 51

1000 miles; 1 mile

Front 52

What is the continental slope?

Back 52

Edge of shelf sloping much steeper to 2.25 mi, from 12-60 mi wide
Contains the canyons

Front 53

Discuss tsunamis.

Back 53

Aka tidal waves, caused by movements of the ocean floor (earthquakes)
Can travel 600 mph, water level reaches 3 ft until 10-30 min when waters pile up
Occur on Pacific Ocean

Front 54

What are names for fish farming? Since when has it been used?

Back 54

Mariculture, aquaculture
Used for thousands of years in Asia, 1960s in Western countries

Front 55

What is a spring tide?

Back 55

Sun, moon, earth in straight line; during full and new moon; tides higher and lower than usual

Front 56

Discuss tides.

Back 56

Rhythmic rise and fall of oceans, six hours between high and low tide due to attraction of moon of earth