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38 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Microorganisms include:
Viruses, bacteria, archae, protozoa, algae and fungi
Who disproved spontaneous generation first?
Francesco Redi.
He showed maggots came from fly eggs,
not the meat.
Who further disproved spontaneous generation
and proved the existence of heat-resistant
forms of bacteria?
Louis Pasteur
Microorganisms include:
Viruses, bacteria, archae, protozoa, algae and fungi
Who disproved spontaneous generation first?
Francesco Redi.
He showed maggots came from fly eggs,
not the meat.
Who further disproved spontaneous generation
and proved the existence of heat-resistant
forms of bacteria?
Louis Pasteur
Who developed a system of surgery designed to prevent microorganisms from entering wounds?
Joseph Lister
Who established the process to determine relationships between a particular disease and a particular microorganism?
Robert Koch
T/F - Microorganisms must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy individuals.
True
T/F - Edward Jenner used a vaccine to protect individuals from the black plague.
False.
He created the vaccine for the smallpox virus.
Elie Metchnikoff demonstrated what?
The existence of phagocytic cells in the blood (cell mediated immunity)
Walter Reed discovered what?
That yellow fever was a virus carried by mosquitoes.
Prokaryotes do or do not have a membrane and cell wall?
Prokaryotes do have membranes that are surrounded by a cell wall.
What shapes do prokaryotes come in?
Cocci (round), baccili (rods), and spirilla or spirochetes (helical cells)
Do prokaryotes have subcellular membrane-enclosed organelles?
No. Eukaryotes do.
What domains do prokaryotes include?
Bacteria and archaea.
T/F - Prokaryotes have a nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum.
False. Eukaryotes have a nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum.
Do eukaryotes have internal membrane-bound structures?
Yes.
T/F - Replication of RNA molecules does occur in prokaryotic and eukaryotic molecules.
False. Replication of RNA molecules does not occur.
What are cyanobacteria?
Aquatic and photosynthetic organisms that live in the water and manufacture their own food.
What colors are they?
Often blue or green.
What type of fertilizer do they provide?
Nitrogen-rich fertilizer for the cultivation of rice and beans.
Which is larger, a micrometer or a nanometer?
Micrometer.
Which is larger, a nanometer or an angstrom?
Nanometer
What is resolution?
The ability to see two objects as separate, discreet entities.
What is parfocal?
Parfocal is the ability to switch between microscope lenses while the specimen remains in focus.
What is the "hanging drop" technique in microscopy?
A special type of wet mount is used to determine whether organisms are motile.
What is heat fixation in microscopy?
Smears of appropriate thinknesses are allowed to air-dry completely then passed through an open flame. This kills the organisms that cause them to adhere to the slide and more readily accept stains.
What is a stain?
A molecule that can bind to a structure and give it color.
What is a cationic stain?
Positively charged.
What are several types of cationic stains?
Methylene blue, crystal violet, or safrannin.
What are differential stains?
Ones that use two or more dyes to distinguish various properties or organisms.
What type of stain is a gram stain?
Differential
What type of stain is an acid fast stain?
Differential
What is a negative stain?
Negative stains color the background around the cells and their parts, which resist taking up the coloring.
Acid dyes are positive or negative, and what do they do?
Acid dyes are negative, so they stick to the glass since glass has a positive charge and are repelled by the bacteria, which have a negative charge.
What is a pure culture stain?
A sterile needle is used to streak and dilute the organisms until single cells are obtained on the streak walls.
Why would one use an aseptic technique?
To assure contaminants are not introduced to the specimens.