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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Microorganisms include:
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Viruses, bacteria, archae, protozoa, algae and fungi
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Who disproved spontaneous generation first?
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Francesco Redi.
He showed maggots came from fly eggs, not the meat. |
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Who further disproved spontaneous generation
and proved the existence of heat-resistant forms of bacteria? |
Louis Pasteur
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Microorganisms include:
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Viruses, bacteria, archae, protozoa, algae and fungi
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Who disproved spontaneous generation first?
|
Francesco Redi.
He showed maggots came from fly eggs, not the meat. |
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Who further disproved spontaneous generation
and proved the existence of heat-resistant forms of bacteria? |
Louis Pasteur
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Who developed a system of surgery designed to prevent microorganisms from entering wounds?
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Joseph Lister
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Who established the process to determine relationships between a particular disease and a particular microorganism?
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Robert Koch
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T/F - Microorganisms must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy individuals.
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True
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T/F - Edward Jenner used a vaccine to protect individuals from the black plague.
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False.
He created the vaccine for the smallpox virus. |
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Elie Metchnikoff demonstrated what?
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The existence of phagocytic cells in the blood (cell mediated immunity)
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Walter Reed discovered what?
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That yellow fever was a virus carried by mosquitoes.
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Prokaryotes do or do not have a membrane and cell wall?
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Prokaryotes do have membranes that are surrounded by a cell wall.
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What shapes do prokaryotes come in?
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Cocci (round), baccili (rods), and spirilla or spirochetes (helical cells)
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Do prokaryotes have subcellular membrane-enclosed organelles?
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No. Eukaryotes do.
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What domains do prokaryotes include?
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Bacteria and archaea.
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T/F - Prokaryotes have a nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum.
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False. Eukaryotes have a nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum.
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Do eukaryotes have internal membrane-bound structures?
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Yes.
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T/F - Replication of RNA molecules does occur in prokaryotic and eukaryotic molecules.
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False. Replication of RNA molecules does not occur.
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What are cyanobacteria?
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Aquatic and photosynthetic organisms that live in the water and manufacture their own food.
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What colors are they?
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Often blue or green.
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What type of fertilizer do they provide?
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Nitrogen-rich fertilizer for the cultivation of rice and beans.
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Which is larger, a micrometer or a nanometer?
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Micrometer.
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Which is larger, a nanometer or an angstrom?
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Nanometer
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What is resolution?
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The ability to see two objects as separate, discreet entities.
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What is parfocal?
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Parfocal is the ability to switch between microscope lenses while the specimen remains in focus.
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What is the "hanging drop" technique in microscopy?
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A special type of wet mount is used to determine whether organisms are motile.
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What is heat fixation in microscopy?
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Smears of appropriate thinknesses are allowed to air-dry completely then passed through an open flame. This kills the organisms that cause them to adhere to the slide and more readily accept stains.
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What is a stain?
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A molecule that can bind to a structure and give it color.
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What is a cationic stain?
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Positively charged.
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What are several types of cationic stains?
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Methylene blue, crystal violet, or safrannin.
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What are differential stains?
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Ones that use two or more dyes to distinguish various properties or organisms.
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What type of stain is a gram stain?
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Differential
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What type of stain is an acid fast stain?
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Differential
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What is a negative stain?
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Negative stains color the background around the cells and their parts, which resist taking up the coloring.
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Acid dyes are positive or negative, and what do they do?
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Acid dyes are negative, so they stick to the glass since glass has a positive charge and are repelled by the bacteria, which have a negative charge.
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What is a pure culture stain?
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A sterile needle is used to streak and dilute the organisms until single cells are obtained on the streak walls.
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Why would one use an aseptic technique?
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To assure contaminants are not introduced to the specimens.
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