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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is human resource management? |
is to manage people and benefit the business at its maximum from its employees whilst minim zing the cost. |
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What do Human resource management do? |
- help get the workforce a firm needs - find the right person for the job - ensure that the employees are treated well. - help with developing the staff skills |
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What are the objectives of HR? |
- Matching workforce to business needs like if the business is expanding HR needs to ensure there is enough worker ready. - Helping employees reach full potential where HR help with training staff to improve their productivity. - Supporting Employee/Employer relationship where HR listen to employee concern and then advice manager to solve the concern. |
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What are internal factors that influence HR objectives? |
- different department as they will give data for HR to predict how many workforce needed. - funding available from the business. |
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What are external factors that influence HR objectives? |
- State of economy such as recruitment and training - Law set by the government - technology as HR may need to recruit people to use certain type of machine. |
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What is Hard HRM? |
- Employee seen as resource and hired for short term basis - manager think employee motivated by money and do little work as possible - training done to meet production needs |
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What is soft HRM? |
- Employees most important resource to the firm - employee managed for long term basis - employee motivated through development and empowerment. - training done to meet development needs. |
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What are advantages of Hard HRM? |
-Manager keep control of workforce - less chance of a mistake occurring -employees can easily be replaced |
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What are the disadvantages of Hard HRM? |
-Employees not used to their full potential - can be de-motivational for workforce - the employees may not feel their work is valued. |
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What are the advantages of soft HRM? |
-increase staff morale as they are valued - easier to retain staff and make use of their skills and experience. - also the workers will be committed to their job and work to full potential. |
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What are the disadvantages of soft HRM? |
-If employees not interested in development then its boring for them - soft HRM is costly for business as it involves investment made on workers. - extra training may be time consuming and risk of the staff leaving after training for somewhere else. |
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How to calculate Labour producitivity? |
Output per period / Number of employees |
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What other factors affect HRM decision? |
- the labour cost per unit - emplpyes cost as % of turnover |
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How to calculate labour cost per unit? |
Labour cost / Units of output |
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How to calculate employee cost as a % of turnover? |
Employee costs / Sales turnover x 100 |
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What does labour cost tell a firm and how to reduce it? |
Labour cost per unit tell firm how much they need to pay workers for each unit of production. Two ways to reduce Labour cost per unit? - reduce labour cost and increase labour productivity. |
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What is labour turn over? |
Measure the proportion of staff who leave each year. |
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How to calculate Labour turnover %? |
No of staff leaving / average no employed x 100 |
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What are benefits of high staff turnover? |
- more new ideas brought to the firm. - recruit staff who are trained - enthusiam of new staff can influence other workers. |
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What are the drawbacks of high staff turnover? |
-Lack of loyalty and experienced staff who knew the business - costs to train the wokers. - may have to advertise for recruitment methods. |
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What is labour retention? |
Measures a companies ability to keep its employees. |
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How to calculate labour retention? |
no of staff employed - leavers / number of staff employed x 100 |
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What is organisational structure? |
Chart that sets out who has authority and responsibilityto make decision. |
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What is Hierachy? |
is the layers with in a business that shows the level of power each layer has from low to highest. |
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What is tall strucutre? |
- There are many layers and there is long chain of communication. Manager has very little span of control. |
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What is flat structure? |
There is very few layers and people are given more responsibility. |
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What is span of control? |
Number of people who report to the manager. |
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What is delayering? |
Removing parts of the hierachy |
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What benefits and drawbacks of delayering? |
Benefits: - help lower cost by saving in salaries - junior employees can enhance their skills Drawbacks: - cost business in short term as need to retrained in new role. |
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What is centralised organisation? |
Where all decisions made by senior managers at top of business. |
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What are advantages of centralised organisation? |
- leaders have lots of experience in decision making - senior managers decision less likely to be biased. - decision can quickly be made as no need to consult to anybody else. |
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What are disadvantage of centralised organisation? |
- not many people are expert to make precise decisions - excluding employees from decision can lead to demotivating. |
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What is decentralised structure? |
where authority is shared out to more junior employees. |
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What are the advantages of decentralised structure? |
- involvement in decision making motivates employees. - employees can use export knowledge - day to day decsion easily made without asking the senior manager. |
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What are the disadvantages of decentralised structure? |
- employees may not have enough experience - the work rate may not be consistent - junior employee may not understand the situation and needs of the organisation. |
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What affect the structure of a business? |
- the size and objective - nature of the business and status of the firm |
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What are the advantages of internal recruitment? |
- person already know the business so need for teaching them the moral of the firm - cheap and quick process - motivates other workers for promotion |
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What are the disadvantages of internal recruitment? |
-leaves a vacancy in other department that may need to recruitment later on. - can cause conflict between employees who weren't selected. |
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What are the advantages of external recruitment? |
- New ideas borught into the firm that can give competitive advantage. - bring in experience from other oganisation into the firm - more choice of applicant |
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What are the disadvantages of external recruitment? |
- long and expensive process - the applicant appearance may not protray how they really are. - employee will have a longer induction process as new to the firm. |
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What are other jobs of HR? |
- HR take cahrge of the selection procedure like interviewing picking the right man for the job. - help with trainging the employees that are going to get employed by the firm. |
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What is on job training? |
Where the new employee is trained by an experineced worker. |
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What are the advantages of on job training? |
- easy to organis - lower cost of training - training is job related |
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What are the disadvantages of on job training? |
- trainee are not productive during training - no new ideas brought into the business |
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What is off job training? |
where they ae studyig part time in college that is local. |
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What are the advantages of off job training? |
- trainers are specialists - new ideas brought into the organisation - no job distraction during training |
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What are the disadvantages of off job training? |
- can be expensive - no benefit to firm whilst training - training may not be specific to their day to day job. |
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What are the benefits of motivated employees? |
- employees more productive - loyal and work along companies objectives - decrease in absences and labour turnover - in crease customer satisfication |
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What is Maslows hierachy of needs? |
That workers all had different needs and that there needs are ranked as each is met then they move up. |
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What is Herzbergs hygiene and motivating factors? |
-The two group of factors that influence the motivation of workers are: - hygiene factors which are working condition, pay, relation and company policy - Motivating factors which are interesting work, recognition of work done, more responsibility ... |
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What is job design? |
Its set out the detail of what things need to be done and how it will be done. |
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What are internal factors that influence job design? |
- nature of the job - speed the task need to be completed in. - quality required |
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What are external factors that influence job design? |
- New technology - changes to law - Customer demand and availability of certain skills. |
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What is Hackamn and Oldham idea on job design? |
They believed that job design need to be focused on the person and not the job and thats what would motivate the workers. |
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What are the 5 key element of Hackman and Oldham of job design? |
- Skill variety ( lots of skill needed for a job can be motivating) - Task identity ( if the task clear and its from start to finish then workers will feel involved) - Task significance ( if the value of job is high then it will motivate the workers) - Autonomy is freedom to make their own decision. ( Workers will feel valued to the firm) - Feedback ( feedback on how the workers did gives them the boost as they are being noticed) |
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What are the different types of payment that a business can use? |
- Piece rate ( paid per unit produced and dont get payed for sick or holiday) - Salary scheme ( paid according to given time period like hourly pay, weekly or annual) - Commission ( paid bonus to salary based on sales or unit produced) - Performance related pay ( paid based on individual or business performance both factors combined) |
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What are advantages of flexible working? |
- improve motivation and producitivity - help employees who have a family |
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What are the disadvantages of flexible working? |
- impractical for business that need to serve people during working hours - home workers can be distracted - the efficiency may decrease as some workers may get the job done quickly so they are off for the rest of the time period. |
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What are some non financial motivation? |
- job enlargement as give more work at same level to employees - job enrichment where given more challenging work - empowerment where workers given control - team working - the place they work in |
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what are the benefits of communication between managers and employees? |
- pass information about ideas - help give intruction and motivate employees - help with complaint and feedback to solved - help with relationship betwen employer and employees. |
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What are the barriers for comunication? |
- Attitudes: they might be distracted - Intermediaries: longer the chain of communication longer it takes to get to people. - Language barriers as words can mean different in other cultures. |
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How can the communication barrier be overcome? |
- having a trusting relationship with the employer - have democratic management where every can have their say - change the organisation strucutre to help with delayering. |
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What are the benefits of good employer and employee relation for employers? |
- business develope graet reputation - producitivity and efficiency increased - getting employees view helps with decision making |
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What are the benefits of good employer and employee relation for employees? |
- employee involved more so feel valued - if emoployee productive then business makes more profit from which the employee could get bonus or promotion - employee could discuss their issues with the employer. |
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What is individual bargaining? |
- where individual employees negotitate their eployer about their working conditions. |
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The way business communicate with its workforce depend on many factors? |
- Organisational size so if small employees could talk directly but if large then the employees will have a representative. - Organisational structure: in wide and flat structure employees more likely to be represented if tall or narrow then communication is poor. - Leadership and management: if business is democratic management style so employee representation is encouraged. |
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What is a work councils? |
- committees madeup of employer and employee representative and meet regulary to discuss general issues. |
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What is quality circles? |
- Its like work circles but don`t discuss quality issues but to improve quality
- quality circles include employees of all level of the business. |
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What are trade unions? |
- where the union act on behalf of the group of employees when negotitating pay and working condition. |
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How does the trade union negotiate? |
- Take actions in the workplace where they talk to the employer and solve the issue. - Take action at a national level where pressure put on government to bring law in favour of the member of the union. -If all of the actions taken don`t solve the issue then the employees are instructed to go on strike. |
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What are the advantages of employee representation? |
-groups are more effective - can help achieve long term aims as sign contracts lock them down on agreement -senior management get direct insight of the concern for the workforce. |
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What are disadvantages of employee representation? |
- can lead to industrial action so can decrease productivity due to strike action. - strike can get out of hand lead to lost profit. - majority vote can overrule the individual needs as union take the industrial of the overall group need. |
