Section 4 Flashcards

Front 1

AIDS

Back 1

Caused by HIV. HIV infects certain immune cells, making a person susceptible to opportunistic infections

Front 2

Asepsis

Back 2

Practice of reducing/eliminating potential pathogens (e.g. bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites)

Front 3

Asepsis can also be known as...

Back 3

Clean technique

Front 4

2 Types of Asepsis

Back 4

1. Medical Asepsis

2. Surgical Asepsis

Front 5

Goal of Medical Asepsis...

Back 5

To exclude all pathogenic microorganisms through medical aseptic technique.

Front 6

Goal of Surgical Asepsis...

Back 6

Aims to exclude all microorganisms and spores through surgical aseptic technique

Front 7

Biohazardous waste

Back 7

Items that may be harmful to others because they are contaminated with bloods, body fluids, secretions or excretions; bio (life) hazardous (dangerous/harmful)

Front 8

Carriers

Back 8

Persons who are able to transfer a pathogen to others without getting an active infection themselves.

Front 9

C. Difficile (Clostridum difficile)

Back 9

Bacterium causing diarrhea and colitis. Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients in the industrialized world and one of the most common infections in hospitals and long-term care facilities

Front 10

Colonize

Back 10

Procedure during which bacteria grow on or in specific regions of the body and survive as that persons normal flora

Front 11

Communicable disease

Back 11

Disease caused by microbes (disease causing microorganisms) that spreads easily (A.K.A. contagious disease)

Front 12

Contamination

Back 12

Process of being exposed to microorganisms, including pathogens

Front 13

Disinfection

Back 13

Process of destroying microorgansism

Front 14

Droplet

Back 14

Drop of liquid

Front 15

Endospore

Back 15

Protective shell surrounding dormant bacterium and virus, protecting it from external harm

Front 16

Febrile respiratory illness (FRI)

Back 16

Describes a wide range of respiratory infections, colds, influenza, influenza-like illness (ILI) and pneumonia, spread through droplets.

Front 17

Fomite

Back 17

Any non-living object capable of carrying infectuous organisms and may serve as a mode of transmission

Front 18

H1N1 is a...

Back 18

Pathogenic virus

Front 19

Hand hygiene

Back 19

Process of cleaning hands.

Front 20

Hand hygiene can be accomplished by...

Back 20

1. Handwashing; removes soil, dead skin cells and excess microbes from hands

2. Waterless alcohol-based hand rubs; kills microbes but not their spores

Front 21

Handwashing

Back 21

Process of removing soil, dead skin cells and excess microbes from hands with the use of soap, warm water and friction.

Front 22

Healthcare associated infection (HAI)

Back 22

An infection acquired while a person is a patient, client, resident in a healthcare facility or while receiving care from a healthcare provider

Front 23

HAI has replaced the term...

Back 23

Nosocomial infection

Front 24

HIV causes what?

Back 24

AIDS

Front 25

Incubation period

Back 25

Time between exposure to a pathogenic organism and appearance of signs and symptoms

Front 26

Infection

Back 26

Disease state resulting from invasion and growth of microbes in the body

Front 27

Infection control

Back 27

Policies and procedures to prevent the spread of infection within healthcare settings

Front 28

Influenza (the flu)

Back 28

Highly contagious infection of respiratory tract by causative (disease-causing) virus in airborne droplets. Symptoms include sore throat, cough, fever, muscular pains and weakness.

Front 29

Isolation precautions

Back 29

Guidelines for preventing the spread of pathogens

Front 30

Other names for isolation precautions...

Back 30

Standard practices, transmission-based precautions

Front 31

Medical Asepsis

Back 31

Practices that prevent the spread of microbes and prevent their spread.

Front 32

MRSA stands for...

Back 32

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

Front 33

What is MRSA?

Back 33

Type of multidrug-resistant organism (MRO) resistant to the antibiotic methicillin

Front 34

Micro-organism (Microbe)

Back 34

Form of life that is so small it can only be seen with a microscope

Front 35

Non-pathogen

Back 35

Microbe that doesn't usually cause infections and disease and is not harmful to humans

Front 36

Normal flora

Back 36

Microorganism (bacteria/yeast) usually found on the surface of the skin, mucous membranes and GI tract

Front 37

Organism

Back 37

Any single celled and multi-cellular living thing

Front 38

Pandemic

Back 38

Epidemic that has spread quickly over a large region or worldwide

Front 39

Pathogen

Back 39

Microbe that can cause harm (infection/disease)

Front 40

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Back 40

Special clothing and equipment that act as a barrier between microbes and a person's hands, eyes, nose, mouth and clothes (e.g. gloves, gown, masks, eye protection, etc.)

Front 41

Reservoir

Back 41

Environment in which microbes live and grow; the host

Front 42

Routine practices

Back 42

A.K.A. Standard practices; guidelines to prevent the spread of infection from blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, non-intact skin and mucous membranes

Front 43

Sterile

Back 43

Free of all microbes; both pathogens and non-pathogens and their spores

Front 44

Sterile field

Back 44

Work area free of all microbes; both pathogens and non-pathogens

Front 45

Sterilization

Back 45

Process of destroying all microbes

Front 46

Surgical asepsis

Back 46

Practices that keep equipment and supplies free of all microbes

Front 47

Another name for 'surgical asepsis'...

Back 47

Sterile technique

Front 48

Transmission based precautions

Back 48

Guidelines to contain pathogens within a certain area, usually the client's room

Front 49

Tuberculosis (TB)

Back 49

Persistent bacterial infection generally transmitted by the inhalation/ingestion of infected droplets.

Front 50

What does tuberculosis do?

Back 50

Affects the lungs, although infection of multiple organ systems can occur

Front 51

Vaccine

Back 51

Suspension containing a live (attenuated) or killed bacterium or virus that is administered for the purpose of inducing immunity to a specific infectious disease.

Front 52

In what ways are vaccines available?

Back 52

Orally or injectable suspensions

Front 53

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

Back 53

Multi-drug resistant organism (MRO)

Front 54

Vector

Back 54

Organism that spreads infection by transmitting pathogens from one host to another, but is NOT the cause of infection

Front 55

Waterless alcohol-based handrubs

Back 55

Hand hygiene product consisting of 60%-90% alcohol, kills most microbes on the skin's surface in seconds.

Front 56

Base of support

Back 56

Area of which an object rests. Adequate base of support maintains balance and avoids tipping.

Front 57

Body alignment

Back 57

The way in which body parts (head, trunk, arms and legs) are positioned in relation to one another.

Front 58

When is body alignment relevant?

Back 58

When you sit, lie down or stand

Front 59

Body mechanics

Back 59

The movement of the body; proper body mechanics ensures the body moves in an efficient and careful way

Front 60

Center of gravity

Back 60

Midpoint of the line of gravity

Front 61

Drawsheet

Back 61

Small sheet placed over the middle of the bottom sheet; helps keep the mattress and bottom linens clean and dry.

Front 62

Fanfold

Back 62

Method of folding sheets in which the sheet is folded back and forth in the form of a fan

Front 63

Fowler's position

Back 63

Semi-sitting position in bed; determined by how much the head of the bed is elevated

Front 64

Friction

Back 64

Resistance that skin encounters when it rubs against another surface (e.g. clothing, bedding or another fold of skin)

Front 65

High fowler's position

Back 65

Semi-sitting position in bed; head of the bed is elevated 45-90 degrees. (Clients aren't usually uncomfortable sitting at more than 60 degrees)

Front 66

Lateral position

Back 66

A side lying position that uses pillows to support the back and separate the lower legs

Front 67

Lift

Back 67

Moving a client from one place to another without the person's weight bearing assistance

Front 68

Line of gravity

Back 68

Line dividing the body where the collection of person's mass and all the weight of the object is concentrated

Front 69

Log rolling

Back 69

Turning the person as a unit in alignment, with one motion. Client's neck and spine should never be twisted during the procedure.

Front 70

Low-fowler's position

Back 70

Semi-sitting position in bed; head of the bed is elevated 15-30 degrees

Front 71

Lunge (stride) stance

Back 71

Position whereby you place one foot in front of the other, keeping both feet about a shoulder width apart.

Front 72

Manual lift

Back 72

Physically lifting a client who cannot weight-bear without assistance of a mechanical lift

Front 73

Mechanical lift

Back 73

Device that can elevate/move a person while in a body sling; promotes minimal exertion

Front 74

No-lift policy

Back 74

Agency regulations that prohibit workers from performing manual lifts and instructs them to use mechanical lifts instead

Front 75

Pelvic tilt

Back 75

Standing positing whereby the pelvis is tilted by tightening the stomach muscles and flattening out the small of the back.

Front 76

When are pelvic tilts used?

Back 76

Before lifting an object or transferring a resident to reduce the risk of back injury

Front 77

Prone position

Back 77

Front-lying position on the abdomen with the head turned to one side

Front 78

Semi-fowler's position

Back 78

Semi-sitting position in bed; head of the bed is elevated 30-45 degrees

Front 79

Shearing

Back 79

Tearing of skin tissue caused by skin sticking to a surface (usually bed or chair) and deeper tissues move downward, exerting pressure on the skin

Front 80

Sim's position

Back 80

Left side-lying position; right leg is sharply flexed so it doesn't lie on the left leg; the left arm is positioned along the client's back

Front 81

Sliderboard

Back 81

Friction-reduced board with handles, placed under a person; grasped by the handles and slid from one bed to another

Front 82

Stroke

Back 82

Sudden loss of brain function because of disruption of blood supply to the brain

Front 83

Supine position

Back 83

Back-lying position where legs are together

Front 84

Other names for 'supine position'?

Back 84

Dorsal recumbent position, horizontal position

Front 85

Transfer

Back 85

To move a person from one place to another using the client's assistance with partial to full weight-bearing

Front 86

Transfer belt

Back 86

Strong strap secured around the client and the resident's waist to help the client stand, sit and walk. Removed after the activity is completed

Front 87

Transfer board

Back 87

Smooth board placed between 2 surfaces (e.g. chair and wheelchair) allowing the client to slide over more easily.

Front 88

When are transfer boards used?

Back 88

When the client cannot weight-bear, but can assist using the upper body

Front 89

Turning pad

Back 89

Small pad/folded sheet placed over the middle of the bottom sheet to prevent pain, skin, bone and joint damage by protecting the client's skin from friction and shearing while being moved in bed.

Front 90

Abduction

Back 90

Movement of a body part AWAY from the midline of the body

Front 91

Adduction

Back 91

Movement of a body part TOWARDS the midline of the body

Front 92

Ambulation

Back 92

The act of walking

Front 93

Atrophy

Back 93

Decrease in size/wasting away of tissue

Front 94

Brace

Back 94

Apparatus worn to support/align weak body parts or to prevent/correct problems with the musculo-skeletal system

Front 95

A brace is also called an...

Back 95

Orthotic

Front 96

Contracture

Back 96

Lack of joint mobility caused by abnormal shortening of a muscle

Front 97

Deconditioning

Back 97

Loss of muscle strength due to inactivity

Front 98

Dorsiflexion

Back 98

Bending the toes and foot up at the ankle

Front 99

Extension

Back 99

Straightening of a body part

Front 100

External rotation

Back 100

Turning of a joint outward

Front 101

Flexion

Back 101

Bending of a body part

Front 102

Footdrop

Back 102

When the foot falls down at the ankle

Front 103

Another name for 'footdrop'...

Back 103

Permanent plantar flexion

Front 104

Hyperextension

Back 104

Excessive straightening of a body part

Front 105

Internal rotation

Back 105

Turning the joint inward

Front 106

Muscle atrophy

Back 106

Decrease in size/wasting away of muscle

Front 107

Orthostatic hypotension

Back 107

A drop in (hypo) blood pressure of a client's blood pressure when the client stands up (ortho and static)

Front 108

Another name for 'orthostatic hypotension'...

Back 108

Postural hypotension

Front 109

Plantar flexion

Back 109

The foot (plantar) is bent (flexion) with the toes pointing away from the leg

Front 110

Pronation

Back 110

Turning downward

Front 111

Supination

Back 111

Turning upward

Front 112

Syncope

Back 112

Brief loss of conciousness; fainting

Front 113

Rotation

Back 113

Turning of the joint

Front 114

ROM (Range of motion)

Back 114

Moving a joint to the extent possible without causing pain

Front 115

Crutches

Back 115

Used when the client cannot use one leg or when both legs need to gain strength