Section 3 Ir Test 2

Front 1

NSC 68

Back 1

58-page top secret policy paper issued by the US National Security Council in 1950 during the presidency of Harry S. Truman. Involved decision to make containment against Communist expansion a high priority. A strategy outlined in NSC968 arguably achieved ultimate victory with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the subsequent emergence of a “new world order” centered on American liberal-capitalist values alone

Front 2

Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 2

13-day confrontation between the Soviet Union/Cuba and the US. Major confrontation of the cold war. Considered one moment that was closest to turing into a nuclear conflict. It is also the first documented instance of the threat of mutual assured destruction being discussed as a determining factor in a major international arms agreement

Front 3

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Back 3

unsuccessful military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the paramilitary group Brigade 2506 – CIA funded Cuban exile group – in 1961

Front 4

Finlandization

Back 4

process by which one powerful country strongly influences the policies of a smaller neighboring country, causing the smaller country to become like Finland was perceived by many in the West to be during the Cold War.

Front 5

Tet Offensive

Back 5

military campaign during the Vietnam War that was launched in 1968 by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnam against South Vietnam, the US, and their allies

Front 6

Nuclear Triad

Back 6

nuclear arsenal which consists of three components: traditionally strategic bomers, intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), and submaring launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs). Purpose of having a three branched nuclear capability is to significantly reduce te possibility that an enemy could destroy all of a nation’s nuclear forces in a first-strike attack

Front 7

Massive Retaliation and Flexible Response

Back 7

Massive retaliation (or massive response or massive deterrence) is a military doctrine in which a state commits itself to retaliate in muc greater force in the event of an attack. Flexible response calls for mutual deterrence at strategic, tactical, and conventional levels, giving the United States te capability to respond to aggression across te spectrum of warfare not limited only to nuclear arms. It was implemented by JFK in response to Eisenhower’s Massive Retaliation.

Front 8

Problems of Détente

Back 8

- Détente is the easing of strained relations, especially in a political situation. It was the start of the end of the cold war.

Front 9

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Back 9

Idk what to say. They invaded Afghanistan to help the government with an increasing rebel force. The book doesn’t say much about it.

Front 10

Mikhail Gorbachev

Back 10

last head of the USSR. He worked to permit more political opinions to be stated, beginning a series of change that led to the fall of the Soviet Union

Front 11

Fall of the Berlin Wall

Back 11

Originally, the city of Berlin was split into the Democratic West and the Communist East. None of the n***** in the east wanted to be there. Dat s*** sucked a**. Then Russia was all like, let’s think about intergration. S*** got misinterpreted and then dey go the wall and tear it down

Front 12

Somalia, Bosnia, and Kosovo

Back 12

Three areas of major conflict in the early 90’s. Somalia was going through a civil war, Bosnia was in a war involving the national government and rebel factors, and Kosovo was at war from 1998 to 1999 with the Kosovo Liberation Army and NATO.

Front 13

African Embassy Bombings

Back 13

The Embassy bombings were a series of attack on August 7th, 1998in which hundreds of people were killed in simultaneous truck bomb explosions at the United States embassies in the capitals of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Naiirobi(Kenya). Attacks were linked to members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad.

Front 14

Asymmetric Warfare

Back 14

war between belligerents whose relative military power differs significantly or whose strategy or tactics differ significantly.

Front 15

Sunni and Shiite

Back 15

The major split in Islam is between the majority, the Sunnis, and the minority the Shiites. The separation is mainly due to arguments over the true descent from Muhammed

Front 16

Wahhabism

Back 16

Ultra conservative branch of Sunni Islam. It is a religious movement among fundamentalist Islamic believers with an aspiration to return to the primordial fundamental Islamic sources, the Quran, Hadith and scholarly concensus.

Front 17

Nation-Building

Back 17

the process of constructing or structuring a national identity using the power of the state. Aims at the unification of the people within the state so that it remains politically stable and viable.