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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 implicit requirements of an LA |
1. Health and safety and welfare of the public |
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Slope guide lines: |
1. 1-3% |
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When considerations do you have to make with topography in your design? |
Drainage patterns, orientation/aspect, climate/microclimate, vegetation, slope, views |
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What are some vegetation uses for a landscape design? |
1. Energy Efficiency by shading building 2. Visual Buffers 3. Windscreens 4. Erosion control 5. Sound control (very min. effect) |
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Social responsibility in design requires LAs to do the following |
Ecological issues (life cycle costs, energy analysis, materials/toxicity |
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What is universal design? |
Broad spectrum solution that produces a design that are issuable and effective for everyone, not just disabled |
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Difference between restorative and enabling gardens? |
Restorative provide mental recharge by reducing stress and provide sanctuary or meditation gardens (good for hospitals, mental health facilities) (intensive work) |
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What are 5 different natural resources las have to consider? |
Economic resource (mined or harvested) |
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Embodied energy |
Sum total of energy required to produce material, transportation, upstream manufacturing) |
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Life cycle analysis |
Assessment of cradle to grave energy inputs, raw material, manufacturing, consumer use, and post consumer processing |
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What are the main three ecological planning principles |
1. Reduce energy use |
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What are three ways to redux energy use in a development of a site |
1. Bldg codes and guides for solar orientation, energy efficient, 2. Land use/ tod planning reduce energy on transportation 3. Spec materials that are sustainable or require min energy production
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What planning tools are available to reduce land for a development? |
Smart growth, density, urban growth boundary, habitat preserves, brownfield dev, easements, infill |
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What is the difference between structural and non structural floodplain management? |
Structural is levee, culvert, dam, flood diversion structures |
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Ephemeral stream |
Rain dependent stream, only runs during storm event |
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Intermittent |
Seasonal stream flow during wet season |
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Perennial stream |
Runs year round, ground water primary |
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What effects of urbanization on channel flow |
1. Channel erosion |
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What are some measures to reduce surface runoff? |
Detention and retention basins |
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Why is it a good idea to have storm water management? |
Hold water and slow it down, let water infiltrate and percolate, slow rate of water infiltration or entering storm drain |
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What are the three main goals of LID |
Reduce Rate of storm water runoff |
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What are the five key elements of LID |
Conservation (maintain nat drainage) |
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What are the three classes of bike routes? |
Class 1: separated from road |
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Width requirements for a single lane bike and two way |
One way: 3' |
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3 Primary variables to sound |
1. Source 2. Path and Distance 3. Receiver of sound |
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Sound mitigation techniques |
Sound walls |
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What are the three types of bike lanes |
Class 1: Dedicated Bike path system, separate from street Class 2: Designated Lane on street Class 3: Road Sharing |
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What are the 4 street hierarchies and relative speeds? |
1. Freeway - 60 2. Arterial - 40 3. Collector 30 4. Local 30 |
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What are road design considerations? |
Land use, future redev., traffic desired, socio/cultural factors, scenic opps, safety, acquisition, maintenance, emergency access, parking |
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What heights should not be obstructing a driver approaching an intersection? |
3.5'-4.25' |
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what is site distance? |
Length of road ahead visible to driver |
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What angle and slope should intersections be at? |
90 degrees and not steep slopes to increase visibility |
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What is a good lane width? |
11' |
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What is a sight triangle |
Unobstructed view of conflicting vehicles or pedestrians when approaching an intersection |
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Traffic Calming measures |
Speed bumps, narrow lanes, traffic circle, bumpiest, streetscaping, texture/color, ped. island. |
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What are 2 ada parking stalls |
Accessible stall: 8' wide, 5' wide access aisle Van Stall: 8'wide, 8' access aisle
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What is the most efficient parking angle? |
90 Degrees 30 degrees least efficient, one direction, hard pedestrian routes, and awk. spaces |
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What determines a road's sight distances, curve radii, degree of curvature, and min/max gradients? |
design speed, reaction time, braking distance |
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What should you provide access to all habitable buildings besides Ada? |
Fire access, large turning radius |
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What are two things to offer to make a safe entry to a parking lot |
acceleration/deceleration lanes no entries close to intersections |
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Where should pickup/dropoff locations be? |
Pickup/drop off should be located at right side of vehicle and separate from vehicle circulation. |
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Rate the preferred parking situations: 1. one way traffic 2. two way traffic 3. dead head parking |
1. Two way 2. one way
Avoid deadhead parking!
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Where should ADA handicap stalls be? |
Most convenient to the pedestrian destination |
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What items should you provide service vehicles to a building? |
1. access to rear of building 2. Backup access for deliveries 3. Sreening to service court |
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How should parking medians and stalls be laid out |
Medians should be parallel to buildings and stalls be perpendicular to building |
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What are the accessible space requirement numbers |
1-25 - 1 26-50 - 2 50-75-3 75-100 4 101-150 5 151-200 6 201-300 7 301-400 8 401-500 9 500+ 2% 1000 20 plus 1 for each 100
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What are the design specs of a handicap stall and van stall |
accessible stall 8'x20' w/5' aisle van stall 8/20' w/ 8/ aisle on passenger |
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How do you determine width of a sidewalk? |
W=V(M)/S Width = V - Volume in person/minute M - Space or module square feet per person S - Walking Speed
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What is the general walking speed of a person? |
4'/second |
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What are general ramp reqs for an ADA ramp |
1. max slope 1:12 or 8.33% 2. Max rise is 30" (Landing) 3. Max horizontal length is 30' (landing) 4. 5'x5' landing for change in direction 5. Max 2% cross slope
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What percentage of entries need to be ada? |
At least one, need to be used by majority of users |
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What are four general stair design dimensions |
Tread: min of 11" Nosing width max of 1-1/2" Rise range of 4.5-7" Nosing radius of 1/2"
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What are the 4 main dimensions of a curb ramp |
Width: 36" min Side flares: 1:10 Max slope: 8.33% Entry/Exit: 48:
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What s the clearance heights of an object protruding? |
No objects can protrude between 27"-80" |
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What 6 design strategies should a LA consider when designing a pedestrian pathway? |
1. appropriate width for service 2. Pavement material 3. ADA access 4. Appropriate signage 5. Lighting 6. Street furniture and plantings |
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What are 4 critical design safety features of a playground? |
1. Surfacing (Shock absorbing) 2. Fall Zones (Clear distance to protect users from jumping and falling) 3. Critical height lower then life threatening fall 4. Fence containment |
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What are the three aspects of defensible space? |
SAT! Territory - Private/public space, defining space Access - providing and restricting / control Surveillance - seeing and being seen |
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Name examples of SAT in defensible design |
Surveillance - Front porches, windows facing street, sight lines, lighting Access - vehicle and pedestrian traffic, traffic calming/control, bollards- variable fence height Territory - low walls and shrubs, grade changes |
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What are the 4 considerations needed when selecting a light? |
1. Type of light 2. Distance from light source to object 3. Surrounding area light 4. Activity being performed |
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What are the three different types of Lighting? |
Uplighting, moonlighting, backlighting |
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What are 4 methods to achieve LID |
1. Reduce impervious surfaces 2. Infiltration areas (detention/retention, bio-swales, rain-gardens) 3. Pervious Materials 4. Maintain Existing drainage patterns (best) |
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What is the rational method |
Estimating peak discharge Q=CIA Q=Peak Discharge C=Runoff coefficient of surface I=rainfall intensity for a storm A=area of the basin |
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What is time of concentration |
Length of time required for a drop of water to travel from furthest hydrologic point to discharge T=L/v TOC = length of path/velocity |
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What are arid climate regions concerned about in LID |
Sediment and pollution concentration during a flood event. Lack of rain and veg creates increased loads. |
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What is the goal of a stream buffer |
recreate or maintain redeveloped conditions in terms of: 1. Sheet flow 2. Infiltration 3. filtration of pollutants 4. habitat |
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Where is the best place to locate a veg. buffer |
Closest to source of issue as possible |
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What are 6 ways to make a buffer more effective? |
1. Locate as close as possible 2. Relative width to issue 3. Multiple plant combinations 4. Using grading 5. Using height in the veg. screen 6. Be aesthetic |
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What 3 items should be considered for fire safety in a planting plan? |
1. reduce fuel load/veg. type. 2. clear fire breaks 3. Native transitions
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How can vegetation affect microclimate of a site? |
1. Veg can serve as wind buffer to shelter from hot/cold winds or encourage winds in humid climates 2. Deciduous veg can shade in summer, warm in winter 3. Evergreen veg can shade hot climate areas
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What site planning strategies would you create for a hot/humid climate zone? |
1. Use veg and structures to max shade and breeze 2. Located site top of slope 3. Maximize SW infiltration 4. No stagnant bodies of water |
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What site planning strategies would you create for a hot arid climate |
1. Use veg and structures to max shade and protect from wind 2. locate at bottom of slope 3. Use Low water use plants 4. Materials should have low albedo and minimize impervious surfaces |
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What site planning strategies would you create for a temperate and cold climate? |
1. Site should face south and middle of slope 2. Vegetation should be deciduous 3. Veg. should divert winder winds, allow summer winds 4. Drainage and protection from water/frost |
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Order these fields largest to smallest: Soccer field, Tennis, Baseball, Football, Basketball |
1. Baseball 2. Soccer 3. Football 4. Basketball 5. Tennis |
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What orientation is best for most sports fields |
North/South |
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Three objectives for lighting |
1. improve legibility of critical nodes and circulation 2. facilitate the safe movement of pedestrians and vehicles, minimize harm 3. encourage nighttime use |
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What is the problem with over lighting and under lighting? |
Overlighting creates glare which inhibits sight Underlighting, insufficient light, creates unsafe conditions at important intersections |
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Sound attenuation for barriers is affected by 5 factors: |
1. Distance to Sound 2. Height of barrier 3. Continuity of barrier (no holes/gaps) 4. Length of barrier (1-2x) 5. Physical Mass |
