Section 10.1

Front 1

heredity

Back 1

passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring.

Front 2

trait

Back 2

characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive.

Front 3

genetics

Back 3

branch of biology that studies hereditary.

Front 4

gamete

Back 4

male and female sex cells; sperm and egg

Front 5

fertilization

Back 5

fusion of male and female gametes

Front 6

zygote

Back 6

diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg.

Front 7

pollination

Back 7

the transfer of pollen grains from male reproductive organs to female reproductive organs of plants, usually within the same species.

Front 8

hybrid

Back 8

offspring formed by parents having different forms of a trait.

Front 9

allele

Back 9

alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a train of an organism.

Front 10

dominant

Back 10

observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait.

Front 11

recessive

Back 11

trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait

Front 12

law of segregation

Back 12

Mendelian principle explaining that because each plant has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gametes. During fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combinations of alleles.

Front 13

phenotype

Back 13

outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its species.

Front 14

genotype

Back 14

combination of genes in an organism.

Front 15

homozygous

Back 15

when there are two identical alleles for a trait.

Front 16

heterozygous

Back 16

when there are two different alleles for a trait.

Front 17

law of independent assortment

Back 17

Mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently from each other.