Section 1

Front 1

Stem cells are defined strictly based on their

Back 1

biological potential/functions

Front 2

what are stem cells

Back 2

cells regenerate and maintain for a lifetime complete structure/function of adult tissue

Front 3

stem cell definition based on (3)

Back 3

self renew
daughter cells commited to differentiation
maintain above 2 for long time (lifetime)

Front 4

most primitive cells of given lineage=

Back 4

stem cells

Front 5

committed/terminally differentiated cells are____descendants of stem cells

Back 5

clonal

Front 6

T or F stem cell do not directly contribute to normal tissue FUNCTION

Back 6

T
*tissue function carried out by terminally diff cells not SC

Front 7

lineage restriction

Back 7

as cells differentiate they slowly lose range of differentiation ie become more specific

Front 8

SC has broadest range of differentiation
-how large is its cell population relative to committed cells

Back 8

small

Front 9

SC enter cell cycle_____and divide (quickly or slowly?)

Back 9

infrequently
slowly

Front 10

committed cells do cell cycle quickly or slowly?

Back 10

quickly

Front 11

committed cells can self-renew/
proliferate, but they are destined to disappear ie enter______

Back 11

crisis

Front 12

do SC proliferate

Back 12

no unless after damage

Front 13

if have prolif of SC's, ignoring committed cell production, lead to____of terminally differentiated
and result maybe in___formation

Back 13

decrease
tumor

Front 14

if all SC's differentiated cause?

Back 14

eventually we die because differentiated cells not replenished/lost due to crisis and therefore we cannot sustain tissue

Front 15

input and output within a tissue must be balanced to maintain steadystate homeostasis, during which stem cells should

Back 15

neither proliferate nor reduce in number

Front 16

totipotent SC=

Back 16

make all cell types (even placenta)
only fertilized egg belongs in this category

Front 17

Pluripotent stem cells

Back 17

generate all cell types in the body
ex) ESC

Front 18

Multipotent stem cells

Back 18

multiple cell types in one cell lineage.
Many stem cells found after birth belong to this group
ex) HSC

Front 19

Unipotent stem cells

Back 19

only one type of terminally differentiated
cells
ex) Spermatogonial stem cells

Front 20

how detect SC based on functional definition
give ex

Back 20

-look for cells that regenerate and maintain tissues
-ex) spermatogonial transplantation

Front 21

spermatogonial transplantation

Back 21

look for SSC activity

Front 22

transplantation assays for detecting SC's is both qualitative and____
problem with this assay (2)

Back 22

quantitative (colony#=SC#)
-does not allow us to identify stem cell activity “before” transplantation (its retrospective study) & ignores processes during regeneration

Front 23

To maintain the steady-state homeostasis (sustaining the structure and function), stem cells should not ____or ____entirely

Back 23

prolif; differentiate

Front 24

Uncontrolled proliferation=
Uncontrolled differentiation=

Back 24

cancer
LOF in tissue
*self renewal does NOT necessarily imply prolif

Front 25

can also detect SC based on___function

Back 25

biological

Front 26

brain has stem cells called

Back 26

neural SC

Front 27

NSC location

Back 27

SVZ

Front 28

since cannot do brain less recipient how do you detect NSC

Back 28

-cells from SVZ culture in serum free medium +EGF and/or FGF2
- some cells prolif--> neurospheres
-took cells from neurospheres and cultures, neurospheres reformed
-if culture neuroshpere cells NO GF's then they differentiate
*neurospheres found to have NSC's

Front 29

summary:
stem cells detected by using __assay
these assays can be done in(2)
they detect stem cells only____
have people seen stem cell under microscope/ purified them

Back 29

-functional
-in vivo, in vitro
-retrospectively
-no

Front 30

why study stem cell markers

Back 30

-functional assays retrospective (not best)
-stem cell markers=molecules made by stem cells therefore can detect stem cells prospectively

Front 31

how select stem cell using marker

Back 31

take donor cells
antibody to cell surface antigen
cell seperation
transplant (or functional assay)
*immunological cell sorting

Front 32

two major ways to isolate marker-expressing cells

Back 32

immunomagnet cell sorting (MACS)
fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS).

Front 33

problem with marker assays

Back 33

just because something expresses certain stem cell marker doesn't mean that cell is stem cell ie marker may not be specific to just stem cells

Front 34

if want to enrich the number of stem cells use___
this expression must correlate with

Back 34

markers
stem cell activity (measured by functional assay)

Front 35

mouse HSC express c-Kit and

Back 35

Thy-1

Front 36

c-kit expressed by other cell types and Thy1 by

Back 36

T cells

Front 37

CD44+CD24- cells are often referred to as

Back 37

breast cancer stem cells

Front 38

____is expressed in normal leukocytes and erythrocytes, while ____are expressed in normal B cells and granulocytes

Back 38

CD44
CD24

Front 39

to purify SC in future need multiple

Back 39

positive and negative markers

Front 40

why use cell surface markers

Back 40

functional assay need live cells
youd have to kill cell to get molecules inside (can do without killing but very hard)

Front 41

Stem Cell Niche
ex)

Back 41

microenvironment surrounding stem cells,
can be involved in regulation of stem cell behavior/fate
fruit fly gonads

Front 42

fly testis:
GSC bottom of testis on top of ___cells
GSC divide ____to hub-gsc interface
after division one cell attach to hub stays as GSC while other cell gets separted and___

Back 42

hub
perpendicular
differentiates

Front 43

if selectively kill individual stem cells in fly testis the remaining GSCs

Back 43

change direction of cell division to horizontal (not perpendicular)
first fill void space in niche at expense of making committed cell

Front 44

hub importnqt for gsc niche:
hub oead to cell maintencance by (2)

Back 44

-secrete Unpaired (Upd--> BMP molecule)-->jak/stat
-cell adhesion

Front 45

Drosophila GCS asymmetric cell division
involves (3)

Back 45

growth factors
adherens junction
centrosome

Front 46

stem cell niche is believed to interact with stem cells and regulate the stem cell ___ decision

Back 46

fate

Front 47

invariant asymmetry niche assumed to be a pocket, in this model each stem cell divides asymmetrically to make stem cells and committed cells at ___ratio

Back 47

1:1

Front 48

populational asymmetry --> niche is drawn as a
larger tray-like structure
fate decision of individual stem cells can be varied ___or ___

Back 48

symmetric
asymmetric