Second Order For Muscles

Front 1

trapezius-- origin

Back 1

medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of the 7th cervical and all thoracic vertebrae

Front 2

trapezius-- insertion

Back 2

lateral 3rd of clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula

Front 3

trapezius-- action

Back 3

stabilizes, raises, retracts and rotates the scapula. the superior fibers elevate, the middle fibers retract, and the inferior fibers depress the scapula. together the upper and lower fibers rotate the arm.

Front 4

trapezius-- innervation

Back 4

spinoaccessory (C11) and ventral rami of C3, C4

Front 5

latissimus dorsi-- origin

Back 5

indirect attachment through lumbodorsal fascia into spinous process of lower 6 thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, lower 3 to 4 ribs, and iliac crest

Front 6

latissimus dorsi-- insertion

Back 6

in floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

Front 7

latissimus dorsi-- action

Back 7

extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm; draws the shoulder downward and backward

Front 8

latissimus dorsi-- innervation

Back 8

thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

Front 9

rhomboid major-- origin

Back 9

spinous process of the 2nd through 5th thoracic vertebrae

Front 10

rhomboid major-- insertion

Back 10

medial border of scapula between the spine and the inferior angle

Front 11

rhomboid major-- action

Back 11

adducts, retracts, elevates, and rotates the scapula so that the glenoid cavity faces downward and stabilizes the scapula

Front 12

rhomboid major-- innervation

Back 12

dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Front 13

rhomboid minor-- origin

Back 13

spinous processes of the 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae

Front 14

rhomboid minor-- insertion

Back 14

medial border of the scapula at the root of the spine

Front 15

rhomboid minor-- action

Back 15

retracts and stabilizes the scapula, elevates the vertebral border, and rotates the scapula to depress the inferior angle

Front 16

rhomboid minor-- innervation

Back 16

dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Front 17

levator scapulae-- origin

Back 17

transverse processes of the first 4 cervical vertebrae

Front 18

levator scapulae-- insertion

Back 18

vertebral border of the scapula between the superior angle and the spine

Front 19

levator scapulae-- action

Back 19

raises scapula and draws it medially. with the scapula fixed, bends the neck laterally and rotates it to the same side

Front 20

levator scapulae-- innervation

Back 20

3rd and 4th cervical spinal nerves and dorsal scapula nerve (C3-C5)

Front 21

deltoid-- origin

Back 21

anterior portion-- superior surface of lateral third of clavicle, middle portion-- lateral border of acromion process of scapula, posterior portion-- lower border of the crest of the spine of the scapula

Front 22

deltoid-- insertion

Back 22

deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Front 23

deltoid-- action

Back 23

anterior portion-- flexion and medial rotation of the arm, middle portion-- abducts the arm, posterior portion-- extends and laterally rotates the arm

Front 24

deltoid-- innervation

Back 24

axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Front 25

teres major-- origin

Back 25

lower third of the posterior surface of the lateral border of the scapula

Front 26

teres major-- insertion

Back 26

medial lip of the bicipital (intertubercular) groove of the humerus

Front 27

teres major-- action

Back 27

medially rotates and adducts the arm

Front 28

teres major-- innervation

Back 28

lower subscapular nerve (C6, C7)

Front 29

teres minor-- origin

Back 29

upper two thirds of the dorsal surface of the axillary border of the scapula

Front 30

teres minor-- insertion

Back 30

the capsule of the shoulder joint and the inferior part of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Front 31

teres minor-- action

Back 31

laterally rotates the arm and draws the humerus toward the glenoid cavity

Front 32

teres minor-- innervation

Back 32

axillary nerve (C5)

Front 33

subscapularis-- origin

Back 33

subscapular fossa of the scapula

Front 34

subscapularis-- insertion

Back 34

lesser tubercle of the humerus and the ventral part of the capsule of the shoulder joint

Front 35

subscapularis-- action

Back 35

medially rotates and stabilizes the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity

Front 36

subscapularis-- innervation

Back 36

upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6)

Front 37

serratus anterior-- origin

Back 37

outer surfaces and superior borders of the first 8 or 9 ribs

Front 38

serratus anterior-- insertion

Back 38

anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

Front 39

serratus anterior-- action

Back 39

abducts and protracts the scapula, rotates it so that the glenoid cavity faces cranially. it also holds the scapula firmly against the thorax

Front 40

serratus anterior-- innervation

Back 40

long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

Front 41

serratus posterior inferior-- origin

Back 41

spinous process of the last 2 thoracic and upper 3 lumbar vertebrae (T11-L3)

Front 42

serratus posterior inferior-- insertion

Back 42

inferior borders and outer surfaces of lower four ribs just lateral to the angles

Front 43

serratus posterior inferior-- action

Back 43

depresses last four ribs (controversial)

Front 44

serratus posterior inferior-- innervation

Back 44

the 9th-12th spinal nerves (S9-S12)

Front 45

splenius capitis-- origin

Back 45

fascia and spinous processes of 7th cervical and first 4 thoracic vertebrae

Front 46

splenius capitis-- insertion

Back 46

lateral one third of the superior nuchal line and the mastoid process of the temporal bone

Front 47

splenius capitis-- action

Back 47

extends and hyperextends the head. contraction of only one side laterally flexes and rotates the head and neck

Front 48

splenius capitis-- innervation

Back 48

dorsal rami of the middle cervical nerves (C4-C8)

Front 49

splenius cervicis-- origin

Back 49

spinous processes of 3rd through 6th thoracic vertebrae

Front 50

splenius cervicis-- insertion

Back 50

posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the first 3 cervical vertebrae (C1-C3)

Front 51

splenius cervicis-- action

Back 51

the muscles extend and hyperextend the neck. contraction of only one side laterally flexes and rotates the neck and head.

Front 52

splenius cervicis-- innervation

Back 52

dorsal rami of the lower cervical nerves (C4-C8)

Front 53

iliocostalis lumborum-- origin

Back 53

medial and lateral sacral crests and medial part of iliac crest

Front 54

iliocostalis lumborum-- insertion

Back 54

angles of all ribs

Front 55

iliocostalis lumborum-- action

Back 55

extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column, lateral movement of pelvis

Front 56

iliocostalis lumborum-- innervationi

Back 56

dorsal rami of the thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

Front 57

iliocostalis thoracis-- origin

Back 57

angles of lower 6 ribs medial to the iliocostalis lumborum

Front 58

iliocostalis thoracis-- insertion

Back 58

superior border at the angles of the upper 6 ribs

Front 59

iliocostalis thoracis-- action

Back 59

extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column

Front 60

iliocostalis thoracis-- innervation

Back 60

dorsal rami of the thoracic spinal nerves

Front 61

iliocostalis cervicis-- origin

Back 61

angles of the 3rd-6th ribs

Front 62

iliocostalis cervicis-- insertion

Back 62

posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the 4th-7th cervical vertebrae (C4-C7)

Front 63

iliocostalis cervicis-- action

Back 63

extension, lateral flexion of the vertebral column

Front 64

iliocostalis cervicis-- innervation

Back 64

dorsal rami of the lower cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

Front 65

longissimus cervicis-- origin

Back 65

transverse processes of upper 5 thoracic vertebrae

Front 66

longissimus cervicis-- insertion

Back 66

posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the 2nd-6th cervical vertebrae (C2-C6)

Front 67

longissimus cervicis-- action

Back 67

extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column

Front 68

longissimus cervicis-- innervation

Back 68

dorsal rami of thoracic spinal nerve

Front 69

longissimus capitis-- origin

Back 69

transverse processes of upper 5 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T5) and articular processes of lower 4 cervical vertebrae

Front 70

longissimus capitis-- insertion

Back 70

posterior aspect of mastoid process of temporal bone

Front 71

longissimus capitis-- action

Back 71

extends and rotates the head

Front 72

longissimus capitis-- innervation

Back 72

dorsal rami of middle and lower cervical nerves

Front 73

longissimus thoracis-- origin

Back 73

aponeurosis and transverse processes of lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae

Front 74

longissimus thoracis-- insertion

Back 74

transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae and between tubercles and angles of lower ten ribs

Front 75

longissimus thoracis-- action

Back 75

extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column

Front 76

longissimus thoracis-- innervation

Back 76

dorsal rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

Front 77

spinalis capitis-- origin

Back 77

transverse processes of upper 7 thoracic (T1-T7) and articular processes of 4th-7th cervical vertebrae (C4-C7)

Front 78

spinalis capitis-- insertion

Back 78

between superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone

Front 79

spinalis capitis-- action

Back 79

extends the vertebral column

Front 80

spinalis capitis-- innervation

Back 80

dorsal rami of lower cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

Front 81

spinalis cervicis-- origin

Back 81

spinous process of 1st and 2nd thoracic (T1 & T2) and 7th cervical vertebrae (C7)

Front 82

spinalis cervicis-- insertion

Back 82

spinous processes of 2nd and 3rd cervical vertebrae (C2 & C3)

Front 83

spinalis cervicis-- action

Back 83

extends the vertebral column

Front 84

spinalis cervicis-- innervation

Back 84

dorsal rami of lower cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

Front 85

spinalis thoracis-- origin

Back 85

spinous processes of the lower 2 thoracic and upper 2 lumbar vertebrae (T11-L2)

Front 86

spinalis thoracis-- insertion

Back 86

spinous process of upper 8 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T8)

Front 87

spinalis thoracis-- action

Back 87

extends the vertebral column

Front 88

spinalis thoracis-- innervation

Back 88

dorsal rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

Front 89

semispinalis capitis-- origin

Back 89

transverse process of the upper 6 thoracic (T1-T6) and 7th cervical (C7) and articular processes of the 4th-6th cervical vertebrae (C4-C6)

Front 90

semispinalis capitis-- insertion

Back 90

between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone

Front 91

semispinalis capitis-- action

Back 91

extension of the head and rotation to the opposite side

Front 92

semispinalis capitis-- innervation

Back 92

dorsal rami of the first 6 cervical spinal nerves (C1-C6)

Front 93

semispinalis cervicis-- origin

Back 93

transverse processes of upper 6 thoracic (T1-T6) and articular processes of lower 4 cervical vertebrae (C4-C7)

Front 94

semispinalis cervicis-- insertion

Back 94

spinous process of 2nd-5th cervical vertebrae (C2-C5)

Front 95

semispinalis cervicis-- action

Back 95

extension and rotation of vertebral column

Front 96

semispinalis cervicis-- innervation

Back 96

dorsal rami of lower 3 cervical spinal nerves (C4-C7)

Front 97

semispinalis thoracis-- origin

Back 97

transverse processes of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae (T7-T12)

Front 98

semispinalis thoracis-- insertion

Back 98

spinous processes of the lower 2 cervical and upper 4 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T4)

Front 99

semispinalis thoracis-- action

Back 99

extension and rotation of vertebral column

Front 100

semispinalis thoracis-- innervation

Back 100

dorsal rami of upper 6 thoracic spinal nerves (T1-T6)

Front 101

multifidus-- origin

Back 101

articular processes of the last 4 cervical, transverse processes of all thoracic, and mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, the posterior superior iliac spine posterior sacroiliac ligaments, and dorsal surface of sacrum adjacent to sacral spiinous processes

Front 102

multifidus-- insertion

Back 102

spinous process of the vertebra above the vertebra of origin

Front 103

multifidus-- action

Back 103

extend and rotate vertebral column

Front 104

multifidus-- innervation

Back 104

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 105

rotatores-- origin

Back 105

transverse processes of each vertebrae

Front 106

rotatores-- insertion

Back 106

short head: base of spinous process of next vertebrae above, long head: base of spinous process of second vertebra above

Front 107

rotatores-- action

Back 107

extend and rotate the vertebral column

Front 108

rotatores-- innervation

Back 108

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 109

oblique capitis superior-- origin

Back 109

superior surface of transverse process of atlas

Front 110

oblique capitis superior-- insertion

Back 110

occipital bone between inferior and superior nuchal lines

Front 111

oblique capitis superior-- action

Back 111

bends the head backward and laterally to the same side

Front 112

oblique capitis superior-- innervation

Back 112

dorsal ramus of the 1st cervical (suboccipital) nerve (C1)

Front 113

oblique capitis inferior-- origin

Back 113

spinous process and upper lamina of axis

Front 114

oblique capitis inferior-- insertion

Back 114

transverse process of the atlas

Front 115

oblique capitis inferior--action

Back 115

rotates head

Front 116

oblique capitis inferior-- innvervation

Back 116

dorsal ramus of the 1st cervical (suboccipital) nerve (C1)

Front 117

rectus capitis posterior major-- origin

Back 117

spinous process of axis

Front 118

rectus capitis posterior major-- insertion

Back 118

lateral portioin of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

Front 119

rectus capitis posterior major-- action

Back 119

extends and rotates the head toward the same side

Front 120

rectus capitis posterior major-- innervation

Back 120

dorsal ramus of the suboccipital nerve (C1)

Front 121

rectus capitis posterior minor-- origin

Back 121

posterior tubercle of atlas

Front 122

rectus capitis posterior minor-- insertion

Back 122

median portion of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

Front 123

rectus capitis posterior minor-- action

Back 123

extends the head

Front 124

rectus capitis posterior minor-- innervation

Back 124

dorsal ramus of 1st cervical (suboccipital) nerve (C1)

Front 125

gluteus maximus-- origin

Back 125

posterior gluteal line of ilium, adjacent posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament and aponeurosis of erector spinae muscles

Front 126

gluteus maximus-- insertion

Back 126

iliotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of femur

Front 127

gluteus maximus-- action

Back 127

upper part: extends and laterally rotates thigh, lower part: extends, laterally rotates thigh and assists in raising the trunk from a flexed position. also assists in adduction of the hip joint

Front 128

gluteus maximus-- innervation

Back 128

inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

Front 129

piriformis-- origin

Back 129

pelvic surface of the sacrum between the 1st-4th sacral foramina and sacrotuberous ligament

Front 130

piriformis-- insertion

Back 130

superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur

Front 131

piriformis-- action

Back 131

laterally rotates thigh at the hip joint and abducts thigh

Front 132

piriformis-- innervation

Back 132

anterior rami of S1, S2

Front 133

quadratus femoris-- origin

Back 133

upper part of the lateral border of the ischial tuberosity

Front 134

quadratus femoris-- insertion

Back 134

trochanteric crest of femur

Front 135

quadratus femoris-- action

Back 135

laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint

Front 136

quadratus femoris-- innervation

Back 136

brance from sacral plexus (L5, S1)