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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many cal of energy in 1g of fat?
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9 kcal
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How many cal of energy are in 1 g of carbs?
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4 kcal
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How many cal of energy are in 1 g of protein?
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4 kcal
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Bond breaking
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always requires an input of energy
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Bond formation
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Always releases energy
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Endothermic
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Energy is absorbed
Bond breaking H is positive + |
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Exothermic
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Energy is relased
Bond formation H is negative - |
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Endothermic bonds
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Bonds broken in the reactants are stronger than the bonds formed in the products
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Exothermic bonds
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The bonds formed in the products are stronger than the bonds broken in the reactants
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Cal
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1 nutritional calorie
1,000 cal = Cal |
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Bond energies calculation
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H=bond breaking-bond forming
H-H + Cl-Cl arrow 2 H-Cl 104 + 58- 2 * 103 sign tells endo/exo exo minus |
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What three things must happen between two molecules before they can react?
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1) They must collide
2)They must collide with sufficient energy 3) They must collide with the correct orientation |
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What can you do to make a reaction go faster?
(one) |
1) raise temperature
(molecules will move faster and faster and collide with more energy-an inc of 10 degrees will double the rate) |
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What can you do to make a reaction go faster?
(two) |
increase the concentration of reactants (inc the collision rate)
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What can you do to make a reaction go faster?
(three) |
For a solid- increase the surface area (break down into pieces)
ex: pieces of wood burn faster than whole log |
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What can you do to make a reaction go faster?
four |
Add a catalyst
makes a reaction go faster without being consumed |
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How does a catalyst make a reaction go faster?
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A catalyst makes a reaction go faster by LOWERING the energy of activation
Eact |
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Equalibrium
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When the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction
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Equalibrium expression
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K = products/reactants
Have to write K! |
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Example equalibrium expression
C2HO2 + 2H2 arrow C2H20 + H20 |
K = [C2H60] [H2O]/
[C2H4O] [H2]^2 coefficients become powers |
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Products are favored
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when K is greater than 1
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Reactants are favored
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if K is less than 1
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Equalibrium stress
Add more reactant |
> Right >>>>
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Equalibrium stress
Add more product |
<<<< Left<<<
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Equalibrium stress
Remove reactant |
<<<<<Left<<<<<<
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Equalibrium stress
Remove product |
>>>>Right>>>>>
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Equalibrium stress
Raise temp |
move AWAY from energy
exothermic (energy on right of > <<<<<<left<<<<< |
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Equalibrium stress
Lower temp |
move TOWARD energy
exothermic (energy on R of >) move >>>>>>right>>>>>>>>>> |
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Equl stress
Increase pressure |
will shift toward the side with the fewest gas molecules
count (in balanced equ) and FEWEST will move that way |
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Equal stress
Decrease the pressure |
shift toward the side with the MOST gas molecules
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Equal stress
Add a catalyst |
makes it go faster
speeds up both so NO CHANGE in equalibrium |
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What causes lactose intolerance?
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An individual does not have the enzyme lactase and cannot convert lactose into galactose and glucose. Lactose cannot be metabolized and dig probs result.
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What happens to NO as it passes through a modern catalytic converter?
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It gets converted into nitrogen and oxygen.
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Which organ has a major impact on controlling the temperature of the body?
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brain the hypothalamus
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Why is infection often accompanied with an increase in body temperature?
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The fever is the body's response to increase the rates of defensive reactions that kill bacteria.
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