Sean Swenson Hoc Test 1

Front 1

What is Creativity?

Back 1

      Creativity is a way of thinking and doing that brings unexpected and original ideas to fruition (accomplishment) Note: Requires both thinking and doing

Front 2

Elements of Creativity (remembered by using the mnemonic VINE)

Back 2

Value
Intention
Novel
Excellent

Front 3

Bolded sentences regarding Elements of Creativity:

Back 3

for something to be creative it must be novel, but is must also be good or valuable
exclusively look at the big “C” creativity (valued in the world, little “c” acts that are only creative to the person performing them)
consider creative only those events or products that were intended by their creator
diligence (long-term diligence to the field is called continuance) results in excellence

Front 4

        Do the creative acts of individuals relate to the creativity of a society?

Back 4

            The book looks at the relationship between creativity and change
            Great leaders are often associated with change
            We can link change, history, leadership and creativity

Front 5

What is Creativity?

Back 5

      Creativity is a way of thinking and doing that brings unexpected and original ideas to fruition (accomplishment) Note: Requires both thinking and doing

Front 6

Elements of Creativity (remembered by using the mnemonic VINE)

Back 6

Value
Intention
Novel
Excellent

Front 7

Bolded sentences regarding Elements of Creativity:

Back 7

for something to be creative it must be novel, but is must also be good or valuable
exclusively look at the big “C” creativity (valued in the world, little “c” acts that are only creative to the person performing them)
consider creative only those events or products that were intended by their creator
diligence (long-term diligence to the field is called continuance) results in excellence

Front 8

        Do the creative acts of individuals relate to the creativity of a society?

Back 8

            The book looks at the relationship between creativity and change
            Great leaders are often associated with change
            We can link change, history, leadership and creativity

Front 9

    Purposes
        The most important thing you learn in school is how to study
        Questions we should be prepared to answer:

Back 9

1

Front 10

What are the effects of war (or peace) on creativity?

Back 10

1

Front 11

Does isolation of a society improve its creativity?

Back 11

1

Front 12

What does uniqueness really mean with respect to a creative development? Could the development be based on previous concepts and works done by others?

Back 12

1

Front 13

What factors can extinguish creativity?  Do these factors apply to societies in general, or should we examine how societal norms affect individuals?

Back 13

1

Front 14

Does the availability of time for creative work make a major difference to a society? That is, must a society provide leisure time for its creative individuals, or do people continue in creativity even though they are pressed to just meet personal needs?

Back 14

1

Front 15

What is Creativity?

Back 15

      Creativity is a way of thinking and doing that brings unexpected and original ideas to fruition (accomplishment) Note: Requires both thinking and doing

Front 16

Elements of Creativity (remembered by using the mnemonic VINE)

Back 16

Value
Intention
Novel
Excellent

Front 17

Bolded sentences regarding Elements of Creativity:

Back 17

for something to be creative it must be novel, but is must also be good or valuable
exclusively look at the big “C” creativity (valued in the world, little “c” acts that are only creative to the person performing them)
consider creative only those events or products that were intended by their creator
diligence (long-term diligence to the field is called continuance) results in excellence

Front 18

        Do the creative acts of individuals relate to the creativity of a society?

Back 18

            The book looks at the relationship between creativity and change
            Great leaders are often associated with change
            We can link change, history, leadership and creativity

Front 19

    Purposes
        The most important thing you learn in school is how to study
        Questions we should be prepared to answer:

Back 19

1

Front 20

What are the effects of war (or peace) on creativity?

Back 20

1

Front 21

Does isolation of a society improve its creativity?

Back 21

1

Front 22

What does uniqueness really mean with respect to a creative development? Could the development be based on previous concepts and works done by others?

Back 22

1

Front 23

What factors can extinguish creativity?  Do these factors apply to societies in general, or should we examine how societal norms affect individuals?

Back 23

1

Front 24

Does the availability of time for creative work make a major difference to a society? That is, must a society provide leisure time for its creative individuals, or do people continue in creativity even though they are pressed to just meet personal needs?

Back 24

1

Front 25

Is creativity a function of the environment?  What can a society do to promote creativity?

Back 25

1

Front 26

CIVILIZATION means

Back 26

city dwellers

Front 27

Essential components of civilization: FLOW

Back 27

1

Front 28

F

Back 28

    -Domesticated food: Localized population into cities
Eurasia had 32 of the possible 56 grains of domestication making it a great place to settle down. (The next best only had 11 of 56)

            -increased population density
            -Focused on technical developments (ie. agronomy, the wheel, plow
0Key Step:Grain Domestication

Front 29

L

Back 29

Labor Specialization (Division of Labor)
    -specialized in art (not needed for survival but greatly desired               nonetheless), business, science-all tied to technology (technology           and art considered the same)
    -Tools-Labor
        -Stone age-stone tools and pottery
        -Bronze Age (Copper and tin)-more variety of tools w/ more                     durability.
        -Iron Age-harder to smelt than bronze. -Stronger than Bronze

Front 30

O

Back 30

Order and organization of society
            Written Laws: Code of Hammurabi -not of God, just good ideas
                Defined law in mesopotamia
                Based on existing laws
                Little religious backing
                Capital Crimes
                    Adultery, false accusations or witnesses, stolen temple                     goods or children
                Punishment changed based on rank (subjective)

Front 31

W

Back 31

        Writing system
            Logograms (symbol system)- symbol represents a word or whole idea.  
                Chinese-Egyptian hieroglyphs-Sumerian Cuneiform
            Syllabaries- Symbol represents a syllable
                shorthand-test for blind-Japanese
            Alphabets- Symbols represent a sound
        Rosetta Stone-Ancient Egyptian-Demotic-Greek (3 languages, one                 message)
        Young: Translated from Greek to Demotic
        Champollion-Spoke Coptic, Interpreted and learned ancient Egyptian
            Figured alphabet-symbols and ideologlyphs.
Hunter Gatherers                            Civilization
 -Small Units                            -Cities focus of progress
      -Little contact or trade                                 -Local and long distance trade

Front 32

    River Cities: The foundation of cities came at the bases of rivers, including Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China.  

Back 32

Experienced a fertile soil
Pleasant Climates
Long Growing season

Front 33

    Mesopotamia-
                     Creativity helped by Natural Circumstances   

Back 33

-Located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
    -The larger section of area just outside and including Mesopotamia is
      known as the fertile crescent

        -32 of the 56 wild grasses (Grains) grew in Mediterranean Eurasia

Front 34

      -Flooding during growing season, and silt accumulation required creativit

Back 34

Solution:Dams and catch basins, canals, silt flushes using irrigation     (irrigation was from the Euphrates to the Tigris).

Front 35

Problems with Hierarchy/security pushed for creativity

Back 35

    -Few natural barriers lead to development of defense mechanisms
        -Mesopotamian invasions over the centuries
            -Sumerians, Akkadians, Hittites, Phoenicians, Israelites, Assyrian,                 Persian
            -Each conquest brought new lifestyles and creative ideas

Front 36

    Code of Hammurabi-*First set of written law

Back 36

Developed by King Hammurabi (1700BC)

Front 37

Great leader who ruled during

Back 37

the pinnacle of the early Babylonian period

Front 38

  -Personally supervised

Back 38

navigation, construction of temples, agriculture, and Tax collection

Front 39

-Was essential in

Back 39

establishing a sense of uniformity throughout the various colonies and areas and made them feel included
                -Did not rule on a whim as other kings had prior
                -This minimized the desire for revolt
        -Engraved on 8-foot Stella (pillar)

Front 40

-Hammurabi vs. Bible

Back 40

                -Many crimes punishable by death
                -eye for an eye

Front 41

        -Differences vs. bible

Back 41

           -Not from God
                -Does not apply equally to everyone some leniency to high ranking                 officials

hamurabi -Set up a trial system for the accused

Front 42

  Sumerians

Back 42

First group to control Mesopatamia.
        -Lived lives strongly influenced by religion, Polytheistic faith-god associate with         everything in nature
        -Keep the Gods happy through sacrifice and devotion

Front 43

-Non-

Back 43

-Non-semetic

Front 44

-Sumerian language may have

Back 44

he confusion of Babel

Front 45

   -Built Ziggurats
- pyramid-like structures used as temples, tombs, and government sites built of   

Back 45

-Built of mud brick with gates of brass, large staircase

Front 46

Creativity of Security-

Back 46

-Paid Standing Army
            -Royal Servants-created economic vigor, intellect, and labor division
            -First practical wheeled vehicles - helped in general transportation and war, but also promoted widespread trade (evidence shows possibly as             far as egypt and india)

Front 47

Cuneiform-

Back 47

wedged writing of the Sumerians
            -Used to track inventories, credits, debits, and other business                 transactions
            -Began as pictograms and developed into ideograms (everyone drew the same picture)
-This lead to creation of phonetically related symbols

Front 48

 Akkadians

Back 48

Early Babylonians- Bronze age

Front 49

Saragon 1

Back 49

-first Akkadian king, powerful military.
-Expanded empire from southern Tigris and Euphrates valley northward     to the Taurus Mountains.
-Created first standing army (dedicated army whose men solely trained     fought wars) They had no other form of livelyhood

Front 50

war and creativity

Back 50

-War and Creativity often go hand in had
    -because of social interactions that the country would not have           had
    -needs of the military require advancements in technology
-Developed a numbering system based off a power of 60

Front 51

   Hittites (from turkey)

Back 51

Greatest asset was knowledge of how to smelt and form iron
Thus bringing in the iron age
Kept the secret on Iron to themselves
Iron in war weapons were the way they conquered the early babylonians
Iron for farming tools raised the level of agricultural productivity

Front 52

Phoenicians/Philistines/Sea Peoples

Back 52

Phoenicians were called philistines
Were traders - understood importance of controlling ports throughout their     trading area
Carthage dominated its trade area till about the second century BC
Trading required good communication, Phoenicians contributed: the alphabet (based on sounds), vowels were not written, which caused problems in     translation --- nevertheless, this was the precursor to the Greek and Roman alphabets
Thus it remained for business mostly
Invented the most luxurious of all ancient materials: dye for royal purple Given credit for the invention of glass Also skilled ship builders
Solomon used the phoenicians to help build the temple

Front 53

    Israelites

Back 53

Had times of prominence but mostly were under the domination of one of the greater Mesopotamian empires.  
Most of the empire was under the Phoenicians (Philistines) control
Because several major overland trade routes passed through Hebrew territory, the major empires fought over control of the territory, giving, perhaps, importance to the area that would not otherwise have occurred.

Front 54

  Assyrians (lived inland)

Back 54

Capital was Ninevah (jonah)
would sweep down on a weaker civilization, conquer them, and then adopt the aspects of the conquered culture that were appealing to them
The new settlers were know as Samaritans
Tribes carried away by the Assyrians are known as the Lost Ten Tribes

Front 55

Late Babylonians, Medes, and Persians

Back 55

Mesopotamia fell into the hands of the Babylonian empire called the Chaldean empire.  Later it was conqured by the Medes who then merged with a group from the ast called the Persians.
Monotheism was rising during the Perisan regime
Zoroastrianism
Fire as the element of worship
Persians were adept at celestial measurements and precitions, and developed the Zodiac. A  method of mearusring the movement of the earth through the year by noting its positin with respect to tewelve constellations, each located on part of the sky.  
The time of 60 minutes and 60 seconds and the circle being 360 degrees are due to the early babylonian and Medes and Persians fixation on the 60 based numbering system.

Front 56

    Mesopotamian and Egypt existed at the

Back 56

same time, but differed greatly

Front 57

Mesopotamian civilization

Back 57

: series of kingdoms and empires, repeatedly invaded and conquered, creativity was infused from foreign conquerors

Front 58

Egypt

Back 58

existed as an independent or semi-independent state, creativity came from     religious forces, most important belief in the afterworld, the final judgement

Front 59

Geography was Egypt’s downfall and blessing.
History of long dynasties and little invasions
Pre-Dynastic Period
Time of tribal, nomadic wandering with only loose associations.  
Territory divided into upper and lower egypt. Upper was up river, lower was area toward the mediterranean.
Some boats made of reeds were only capable of sailing the nile

Back 59

EGYPT

Front 60

Old Kingdom

Back 60

Eventually one of the tribal rules, known as Menes, gained sufficient strength to subdue the other tribes and unite the kingdoms of upper and lower Egypt.  Menes created a crown that combined the crowns  for upper and lower Egypt to commemorate this unification, and that crown became the model for the crowns of all subsequent pharaohs.
Papyrus was made during this time.  Ideagrams (writing with pictures) led to hieroglyphs.  Hieroglyphs means sacred writing and may come from two sources, First, most of the writing concerned Pharaohs ( who are man-gods or were religious texts about the other gods.  Second, The writing was done by the priests.  
Built pyramids by workers and not slaves in times between wars so they can remain busy.
Art was representational and not realistic.  Lasted thousands of years unchanged.

Front 61

New Kingdom

Back 61

Temples of Thebes (luxor and karnak) were completed.
Hapshepsut was a woman pharoah who was killed by her son. She built temples and was painted as a man in art.

Front 62

chapter 4 (India and China)
    -Early inhabitants by the Area were called

Back 62

Indus River

Dravidians

Front 63

  -Two large cities:

Back 63

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

Front 64

  -Amazing achievements include a sanitation system, standardized picture based language, standard system of weights and measurements.
   

Back 64

-Little signs of fortification, technologically behind due to isolation
    -Conquered by the Aryans
    -Aryans brought technology (metal working)

Front 65

    -Introduced the caste system (Kings\Priest - Army\Government - Farmers\Shops - Manual Labor - Untouchables\Outcasts)
    -Hinduism with the belief of reincarnation enforced the caste system
    -How well you lived during this life was a way of hope of being reborn into a higher caste
 

Back 65

-Asceticism self-denial of earthly pleasures : \
    -Brahman is the foremost of the gods
    -Atman is Brahman’s spirit\presence in people
    -Jainism is closely associated with Hinduism (believing in a six period cycle of history based on reincarnation - non-violent - strict vegetarians)

Front 66

   -Buddhism, insights from Gautama Siddhartha
    -Sheltered, then one days he saw:
  

Back 66

Old man
Sick Man
Corpse
monk

Front 67

    -He abandoned the delights of the world to seek higher truth
    -Wise women gave him some good ideas, and he devised a way to achieve Nirvana. He became Buddha “enlightened one”

Back 67

          Right Understanding
            Right intention and thought
            Right Speech
            Right conduct
            Right means of livelihood
            Right endeavor
            Right mindfulness
            Right meditation

Front 68

-Four Noble Truths
      

Back 68

Suffering or conflict is with us throughout life
Suffering and conflict originate from cravings for personal wants
Cessation of suffering can be achieved by rooting out these wants
Suffering can best be eliminated by following the Eight Fold Path

Front 69

China
   

Back 69

-Yellow River
-Isolation by distance and mountains (later by things like the Great Wall)

Front 70

Hsia or Xia dynasty -

Back 70

Use of horse, bronze, expansion

Front 71

   -Shang dynasty -

Back 71

   -Shang dynasty - ancestral worship - Chinese writing system
    -Logograms or pictorgraphs (over 50,000!)
-The literate became government bureaucrats

Front 72

-Zhou (Chu) -

Back 72

Mandate of Heaven “perfect plan” rulers abide by this or the Mandate of Heaven could be withdrawn

Front 73

    -Confucius (Kung Fu-Tzu) Master Kung

Back 73

Government strategy consultant - honesty, dependability, hard work and loyalty
    -Five critical relationships:
         Ruler to Subject
        Father to Son
        Husband to Wife
        Older brother to Younger brother
        Friend to Friend
    -”A clever tongue and a fine appearance are rarely the sings of goodness”
    -”To guide a state of one thousand chariots, be respectful in your handling of affairs and display trustworthiness; be  frugal in your expenditures and cherish others; and employ the common people only at the proper times.”

Front 74

-Lao Tzu - His teachings;

Back 74

The Way (Tao Te Ching)
    -Two natures of things, Yin and Yang
    -Yin: female, dark, earth, water action, strongest in winter
    -Yang: male, light, heaven, aggressive action, strongest in summer
    -Flow like water to overcome