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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a DALY?
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Disability Adjusted Life Year.
It combines an estimate of the number of years lived with a reduced quality of life. Incidence/total population X 100 = % of illness in population. |
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What are the two categories of disease?
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*Infectious/communicable
Can be passed from human to human or via food water and intermediate organisms *Non-communicable Chronic illness such as cancer, most heart disease and diabetes. |
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What are endocrine disruptors?
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Artificial chemicals which mimic hormones and are said to lead to health problems such as infertility, sexual organ defects, nervous system defects and cancer.
Endocrine disruptors are especially prevalent in heavily industrialised areas of the world |
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Define epidemiology
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It is the study of the occurrence, distribution, potential causes and control of diseases and disabilities in populations.
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How can you eliminate water-borne infectious diseases?
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The water supply needs to be clean and sewage must be properly treated, away from the clean water supply.
Contaminated water can lead to diarrhoeal diseases such as cholera. |
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Freshwater facts
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*It is unevenly distributed
*It is being contaminated by salt water, human waste and agricultural by-products. * the human population has increased from 2.5 bil to 6.5 bil since 1950. * More than 60% of all freshwater is used in agriculture * transpiration is the name given to the release of water vapour by plants. |
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How do you calculate BMI?
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Body Mass Index
weight (in KG) / height (metres squared) <20 - underweight 20 - 24.9 - ideal weight 25 - 29.9 - over weight >30 - obese BMI is unsuitable for pregnant ladies or athletes. |
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The human zoo
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Urban life in cities can lead to depression and obesity
the categories of stress are: individual, local, global In crowded environments communicable illness spreads easily |
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What is bioaccumulation?
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The fact that pollution is not randomly or evenly dispersed but becomes a component of an ecosystem, gradually accumulating is larger quantities as it is passed up the food chain.
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What are the benefits and costs of living in developed countries?
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*Benefits
Access to clean water Immunisation programmes Access to antibiotics easy access to healthcare Contraceptives *Costs Infections spread rapidly The emergence of new pathogens Harmful chemicals used in agriculture and industry Antibiotic resistant bacteria |
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Some chemical terms
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Atom - the smallest unit of an element
Molecule - 2 or more atoms bonded together Element - can't be broken down and is composed of just 1 atom Ion - electrically charged atom or molecule Compound - made up of 2 or more elements. |
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SI units of measurement
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Kilometre -km - 1000m
Metre -m - 1m Centimetre -cm - 0.01m Millimetre -mm - 0.001m Micrometre -um - 0.000,001m Nanometre -nm - 0.000,000,001m Picometre -pm - 0.000,000,000,001m |
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Describe what is meant by the terms prevalence and incidence.
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Prevalence is a measure of how many people in a population have a disease or condition at a particular point in time.
Incidence is a measure of how many new cases of a disease or condition have arisen within a particular period. |
