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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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kyphosis
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abnormal thoracic vert curve
result of poor posture or osteoporosis |
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lordosis
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abnormal lumbar curve
result of weight gain (pregnancy) and/or weak trunk muscles |
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scoliosis
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lateral curvature & rotation of verts
result of limb length inequalities, asymmetric intrisic back muscle weakness and vert malformation |
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herniated disc
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protrusion of nucleus pulposus through annulus
generally posterolaterally where annulus is thin & poorly supported by posterior longitudinal lig result of age or repetitive traume can imping/compress SC, cauda equina 95% occur b/t L4/L5 (L5 nerve) |
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winged scapula
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long thoracic nerve trauma --> paralyzed serratus anterior
unable to stabilize scapula unable to abduct arm above head |
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shoulder bursitis
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result of repetitive shoulder movements inflaming bursae
pain during abduction of arm b/t 50-130degrees |
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rotator cuff tendonitis
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result of repeptitive movements
most commonly affects supraspinatus can occur during violent abduction injuries |
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shingles
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herpes zoster virus dormant in DRG can become active and travel along nerve fibers to dermatome of that nerve
dermatomally distributed rash/skin lesions |
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clavicle fractures
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most frequently fx bone
SCM elevates proximal frag, weight of arm pulls down distal frag - shoulder lower than "normal" and pt holds/supports arm |
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acromioclavicular injuries
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graded according to severeity of ligamentous damage
1st degree - sprain; stretch/minor tear of AC lig 2nd degree - subluxation; rupture of AC lig 3rd degree - dislocation; shoulder separates & falls away from clavicle b/c both AC & coracoclavicular ligs torn |
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ruptured biceps
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result of "wear and tear" or prolonged tendonitis
generally the long head tendon tears away from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula detached muscle belly forms prominent "ball" near center of anterior arm - "popeye deformity" |
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mid shaft humeral fractures
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result of direct trauma
proximal frag displaces laterally due to pull of deltoid radial nerve can be stretched/transected --> wrist drop |
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surgical neck fx (humerus)
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associated w/ injury to axillary nerve resulting in paralysis/atrophy of deltoid --> loss of rounded shoulder contour
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shoulder dislocation
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most common in anterior-inferior direction because inferior aspect of joint is structurally weakest
tears labrum resulting in high incidence of recurrence, anterior joint capsule, subscapularis tendon humeral head ends up beneath coracoid process |
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colles' fracture
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distal radial fx - most common of forearm
results from "attempt to break a fall" produces characteristic "jog" in forearm due to distal radial frag being displaced dorsally ("dinner fork deformity") |
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ganglion/synovial cyst
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"bible cysts"
thin walled cyst containing clear mucinous/synovial fluid common in dorsum of wrist can cause pain & nerve compression |
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nursemaids elbow
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dislocation of radial head in toddlers age 1-4
radius subluxed out of annular lig when child pulled/lifted by arm |
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gamekeepers thumb
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rupture of ulnar collateral lig of thumb at metacarpophalyngeal joint
common skiing injury b/c pole produces radially directed force tearing the lig associated w/ fx of proximal phalanx of thumb |
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scaphoid fracture
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most common carpal fx
results from FOOSH can disrupt blood supply to bone resulting in delayed "non-union" of bone |
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lunate dislocation
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most common carpal dislocation
can compress median nerve |
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boxer's fracture
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fx of 5th metacarpal neck b/c it is mobile and easily fractured
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trigger finger
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trauma to tendon can result in scar tissue creating a nodule on flexor tendon
nodule cathces/entraps beneath annular lig of fibrou sheath causing finger to lock in position of flexion - w/ extension, nodule slides beneath lig & releases (can be painful) |
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carpal tunnel syndrom
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result of any condition reducing size of carpal tunnel (inflammation, infection, growth, cyst, etc)
median nerve impinged/entrapped --> para/hypo/anesthesia of lateral 3.5 digits along palmar surface AND motor loss of thenar muscles CANNOT oppose thumb |
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caudal displasia
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varies in severity from minor vert abnormalities to fusion of LL
results from failure of gastrulation to complete - mesodermal migration is interrupted common manifestation of maternal gestational diabetes w/ elevated insulin |
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sacrococcygeal teratoma
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results from failure of primitive streak to properly degenerate at end of gastrulation
derived from multipotent cells so can contain many diverse tissues |
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osteoporosis
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decreased bone mass
frequent fx especially vert compression causing spinal deformity (kyphosis) and shortened stature associated w/ postmenopausal state, physical inactivity, hypercorticism, hyperthyroidism, calcium deficiency |
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Pott's disease
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tuberculosis of spine/vertebrae
often causes kyphosis |
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spondylolisthesis
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forward displacement of vert on one below - usually b/t L5 &S1
due to developmental defect in pedicle of migrating vert - pressing on spinal nerve roots causes backache, sciatica, shortened trunk |
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rheumatoid arthritis
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autoimmune
forms subQ nodules |
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osteoarthritis
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mechanical injury ("wear and tear")
degenerative |
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spina bifida (occulta, cystica)
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faiulre of posterior vertebral arches to close
linked w/ maternal folic acid deficiency occulta - no clinically apparent abnormalities; limited to 1-2 verts cystica - herniation of meninges through defect |
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meningocele
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herniated membranes consisting of meninges only
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meningomyelocele
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portion of SC in herniated tissue
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anencephaly
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marked diminution/absence of fetal brain tissue
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tethered cord syndrom
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defective closure of neural tube
results in abnormally low conus medullaris tethered by short thickened filum terminale leading to progressive neurologic defects |
