Sd Week 17

Front 1

the coronal suture is _______ to the central sulcus

Back 1

anterior to

Front 2

blow-out pressure refers to:

Back 2

pressure that makes the floor of the orbit burst

Front 3

pink-eye = conjunctiva =

Back 3

common eye inflammation

Front 4

eyelid hematoma is innocuous if:

Back 4

trauma to orbit/globe has been ruled out

Front 5

nerves off of V1:

(3)

Back 5

1. frontal

2. lacrimal

3. nasociliary nerve (medial)

Front 6

frontal nerve of V1 gives off:

(2)

Back 6

1. supraorbital nerve

2. supratrochlear nerve

Front 7

reflex tears:

(2)

Back 7

1. parasympathetic

2. ~ crying

Front 8

pathway of reflex tears:

(5)

Back 8

lacrimal gland => surface of cornea => lacrimal caniculi => lacrimal sac => nasolacrimal duct

Front 9

lacrimal caniculi =

Back 9

tunnels at medial eye

Front 10

location of glands for Constant tears:

Back 10

running along top of eye

- continually moisten eye

Front 11

**innervation of lacrimal gland:**

Back 11

1. parasympathetic. VMF's from CN 7

2. symp. VMF's from sympathetic chain

Front 12

incyclotorsion =

(3)

Back 12

1. depression

2. ABduction

3. Medial rot.

Front 13

excyclotorsion =

(3)

Back 13

1. elevation

2. ABduction

3. Lateral rot.

Front 14

optic axis points:

Back 14

striaght ahead

Front 15

orbital axis points:

Back 15

45 degrees laterally

Front 16

***Horner syndrome = ***

(3 signs)

Back 16

1. ptosis (drooping eyelid)

2. anhydrosis (lack of sweating)

3. miosis (constriction of pupil)

Front 17

***Horner syndrome is caused by:***

Back 17

***interruption of cervical sympathetic trunk***

Front 18

causes of interruption to cervical sympathetic trunk = damage/disease/lesion of:

(3)

Back 18

1. CNS

2. preganglionic

3. postganglionic

Front 19

ciliary ganglion:

(2)

Back 19

1. parasympathetic, preganglionic VMF's of CN 3 synapse here

2. symp fibers and sensory fibers of CN 7 simply **pass through**

Front 20

ophthalmic vein ~~

Back 20

intracranial infections

- **drains to cavernous sinuses**

Front 21

common tendineous ring =

Back 21

origin of rectus muscles

Front 22

structures of superior orbital fissure are organized by:

(2)

Back 22

1. within the tendineous ring

2. outside of it

Front 23

structures within the tendineous ring of the superior orbital fissure:

(3)

Back 23

CN 3, CN 6, and nasociliary nerve.

Front 24

structures outside of the tendineous ring but still within the superior orbital fissure:

(4)

Back 24

LOFT

Lacrimal nerve

Ophthalmic vein

Frontal nerve

Trochlear nerve (CN 4)

Front 25

during development, each optic stalk becomes:

Back 25

an optic nerve

Front 26

outer layer of the eyeball =

(2)

Back 26

sclera (white) + cornea (transparent)

Front 27

middle layer of eyeball =

(3)

Back 27

1. choroid

2. ciliary body

3. iris

Front 28

choroid =

Back 28

vasculature firmly attached to retina

Front 29

ciliary body =

(2)

Back 29

ciliary muscles + ciliary process

Front 30

ciliary muscles are responsible for:

Back 30

***changing the shape of the lens***

Front 31

ciliary processes are responsible for:

Back 31

**creating aqueous humor**

Front 32

iris of eye =

Back 32

colored part

Front 33

inner layer of eyeball =

Back 33

retina

Front 34

***retina actually consists of 2 layers:***

Back 34

1. outer pigmented layer

2. inner neural layer

Front 35

***rounder*** lens =>

Back 35

CLOSER vision

Front 36

anterior chamber:

(2)

Back 36

1. b/w cornea and iris

2. filled with aqueous humor

Front 37

posterior chamber:

(2)

Back 37

1. b/w iris and lens

2. filled with aqueous humor

Front 38

largest chamber of the eyeball =

Back 38

vitreous chamber

Front 39

glaucoma = intraocular pressure due to:

Back 39

***impeded flow/drainage of aqueous humor***

Front 40

vitreous detachment:

(3)

Back 40

1. vitreous liquifies and pulls away from retina

2. => sudden onset of flashing lights

3. ***can lead to retinal detachment, a medical emergency***

Front 41

floaters:

(3)

Back 41

1. specks/clouds in field of vision

2. **sudden appearance suggests other, serious problem**

3. otherwise, they are normal

Front 42

emmetropia =

Back 42

normal vision

Front 43

abnormal refractive disorders are called:

Back 43

ametropias

- ***light focused on spot OTHER THAN the macula***

Front 44

***myopia = ***

Back 44

nearsightedness

- CANNOT SEE FAR

Front 45

hyperopia =

Back 45

farsightedness

- need reading glasses to see close

Front 46

astigmatism =

Back 46

nonspherical cornea

Front 47

presbyopia =

Back 47

lens becomes less flexible at age 40

Front 48

solutions to ametropias =

(3)

Back 48

1. replacing lens

2. changing cornea shape

3. LASIK

Front 49

cataract =

Back 49

opacity in the lens (cloudy)

Front 50

risk factors for cataracts =

Back 50

age, smoking, alcohol, steroids, diabetes, sun

Front 51

treatment of cataracts =

Back 51

**replacement with Intraocular lens (IOL)**

Front 52

rubella shortly BEFORE 7 weeks =>

Back 52

congenital **cataracts**

Front 53

****optic disk:****

(3)

Back 53

1. exit point of retinal nerves

2. **blind spot** - NO rods or cones

3. entry point of central retinal artery

Front 54

***macula:***

(2)

Back 54

1. MANY cones => very sensitive

2. point on which light focuses

Front 55

***central retinal artery occlusion (from athero, etc.) =>

(3 signs)

Back 55

1. cherry-red spot at macula

2. whitening of rest of retina

3. pale area around optic disk

Front 56

diabetic retinopathy =

Back 56

VERY commmon effect of diabetes

- **can lead to retinal detachment**

Front 57

how many bones make up the orbit?

Back 57

7

Front 58

superior tarsal, ciliary body, sphincter pupillae, and dilator pupillae are ALL:

Back 58

SM

Front 59

sphincter pupillae muscle is innervated by:

Back 59

**parasympathetic** fibers of CN 3

Front 60

dilator pupillae is innervated by:

Back 60

sympathetic chain fibers

Front 61

what does V1 innervate:

(4)

Back 61

1. upper face

2. ant. dura

3. lacrimal gland

4. cornea

Front 62

CN's 3, 4, and 6 are all:

Back 62

somatic motor nerves

- 3 also carries parasympathetic fibers

Front 63

****parasympathetic**** fibers like to piggyback on:

Back 63

other NERVES

- e.g. 3, 7, and 10 parasympathetics hitchhike on branches of CN 5

Front 64

**sympathetic** fibers tend to piggyback on:

Back 64

**arteries,**

thought some do use CN's

Front 65

what is a choanae?

Back 65

the opening of the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx

Front 66

piriform aperture =

Back 66

nose-hole formed by skull/facial bones

Front 67

nare =

Back 67

nostril

Front 68

what is the anterior of the nasal cavity called?

Back 68

the vestibule

Front 69

the vestibule of the nose is lined with:

(2)

Back 69

skin, hair

- rest of nasal cavity is lined with nasal mucosa

Front 70

conchae/trubinates: superior and middle are extensions of:

Back 70

the ethmoid bone

- **the inferior turbinate is its own bone**

Front 71

meatuses =

Back 71

air passage **beneath** each conchae

Front 72

***sphenoethmoidal recess:***

(2)

Back 72

1. *above* superior turbinate

2. **opening to sphenoid sinus**

Front 73

within middle meatus:

(3)

Back 73

1. ethmoid bulla

2. semilunar hiatus

3. ostium of maxillary sinus

Front 74

within inferior meatus:

(1)

Back 74

opening of nasolacrimal duct

Front 75

4 pairs of sinuses:

Back 75

1. frontal

2. ethmoid

3. sphenoid

4. maxillary

Front 76

all 4 kinds of paranasal sinuses are:

(3)

Back 76

1. filled with air

2. lined with nasal mucosa

3. expand with growth of face

Front 77

frontal sinus:

(2)

Back 77

1. within frontal bone

2. opens into semilunar hiatus

Front 78

ethmoidal sinus:

(2)

Back 78

1. a **series** of air cells

2. open into middle and superior meatuses

Front 79

sphenoid sinus:

(3)

Back 79

1. within body of sphenoid bone

2. opens into sphenoethmoidal recess

3. directly below pituitary gland

Front 80

significance of sphenoid sinus:

Back 80

= entry point for surgical access to the pituitary gland

Front 81

maxillary sinus:

(2)

Back 81

1. within maxilla

2. ostium drains into the semilunar hiatus

Front 82

***inflammation of the maxillary sinus mimics:***

Back 82

dental pain

- due to V2 as it passes through

Front 83

***anterior nasal cavity sensation is provided by:***

Back 83

the anterior ethmoidal nerve,

a branch of the nasociliary nerve of V1

Front 84

**posterior nasal cavity sensation is provided by:**

Back 84

the sphenopalatine nerve (off V2)

Front 85

olfactory nerve cells are found in:

Back 85

the nasal mucosa at the roof of the nasal cavity

- nerve fibers => cribiform plate (of ethmoid bone) => olf. bulb, which becomes the olf. tract

Front 86

**arterial supply to nose:**

(3)

Back 86

1. sphenopalatine

2. ethmoidal

3. labial/greater palatine contributions

Front 87

***extensive anastomoses of nose arteries, especially around anterior septum, =>

Back 87

nosebleeds

Front 88

common site of nosebleeds (epistaxis) =

Back 88

Kiessalbach's area

Front 89

fracture of nasal bone =>

(2)

Back 89

1. damage to external nasal nerve (off sphenopalatine nerve)

2. fracture of cribiform plate

Front 90

fracture of cribiform plate => **direct access** to cranial cavity =>

(2)

Back 90

1. CSF rhinorrhea

2. meningitis

Front 91

ptergopalatine fossa = space between:

Back 91

posterior maxillary and pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

Front 92

pgp fossa is a box that's connected to:

(4)

Back 92

nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, middle cranial fossa

Front 93

what happens at the pgp fossa?

(2)

Back 93

1. nerves come in and out

2. autonomic nerves "switch tracks" as they hitchhike

Front 94

***pgp fossa contains:***

(4)

Back 94

1. branches of V2

2. nerve of pterygoid canal (Vidian's)

3. pgp ganglion

4. branches of maxillary artery

Front 95

**V2 enters pgp fossa via:**

Back 95

the foramen rotundum

Front 96

after entering the pgp fossa, V2 splits into:

(6)

Back 96

1. zygomatic nerve

2. infraorbital nerve

3. posterior sup. alveolar nerves

4. sphenopalatine nerve

5. palatine nerve (=> greater and lesser)

6. pharyngeal nerve

Front 97

Vidian's nerve =

Back 97

the nerve of the pterygoid canal

Front 98

***Vidian's nerve = a union between:***

(2)

Back 98

1. sympathetic, postganglionic fibers from the carotid plexus, called deep petrosal nerve

2. parasympathetic, preganglionic fibers from CN 7, called greater petrosal nerve

Front 99

***Vidian nerve's parasympathetic fibers synapse in:***

Back 99

the pgp ganglion;

***postgnaglionic fibers leave ganglion and hitchhike on branches of V2***

Front 100

destinations of parasympathetic component of Vidian's nerve:

(2)

Back 100

1. from V2 to V1 to lacrimal gland

2. from V2 to salivary/mucosal glands

Front 101

the maxillary artery enters the pgp fossa through:

Back 101

the pterygomaxillary fissure

- its branches follow branches of V2, have same names

Front 102

soft palate =

(2)

Back 102

muscles + aponeuroses

Front 103

both soft and hard palate are covered by:

Back 103

mucous membranes (mucosa)

Front 104

teeth are held entirely in the:

Back 104

maxilla;

not at all in the palate

Front 105

palatine ruggae =

Back 105

anterior transverse folds

Front 106

palatine Raphe =

Back 106

central, longitudinal ridge

Front 107

incisive papilla covers:

Back 107

incisive foramen

Front 108

function of soft palate:

Back 108

seal off nasopharynx from oral cavity as food and liquid come

Front 109

you don't need a complete soft palate to swallow, but you need it to:

Back 109

speak clearly

Front 110

uvula contains:

Back 110

uvular muscle

Front 111

nerves of palate =

(2)

Back 111

1. gen sense of V2

2. taste via CN 7

Front 112

blood supply to palate =

(2)

Back 112

greater and lesser palatine arteries, off of maxillary

Front 113

the tongue is formed by:

(2)

Back 113

1. the ventral floor of the pharynx

2. pharyngeal arches 1, 3, and 4

Front 114

the 1st pharyngeal arch has 3 swellings:

Back 114

Medial lingual swelling and 2 Lateral lingual swellings

Front 115

the 2 Lateral lingual swellings of the 1st pharyngeal arch =>

Back 115

anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

Front 116

what happens to the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

Back 116

it's overgrown by the 1st

Front 117

the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches form the:

Back 117

hypopharyngeal eminence

Front 118

the hypopharyngeal eminence becomes:

Back 118

the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

(it fuses with the 2 Lateral swellings)

Front 119

ankyloglossio =

Back 119

frenulum extends all the way to the tip of the tongue

- "tongue-tied"

Front 120

foramen cecum =

Back 120

opening into thyroglossal duct, which is what the thyroid diverticulum travels down to become the thyroid gland

Front 121

the thyroglossal duct eventually:

Back 121

degenerates

Front 122

thyroglossal cysts can be found:

Back 122

at any point along the migratory pathway of the thyroid

- some may be open via thyroglossal fistulas

Front 123

pharyngeal pouches:

(2)

Back 123

1. Lateral out-pocketings between pharyngeal arches

2. 4 pairs total

Front 124

1st pharyngeal pouch =>

(2)

Back 124

1. tympanic membrane

2. auditory tube

Front 125

2nd pharyngeal pouch =>

Back 125

palatine tonsils

Front 126

3rd pharyngeal pouch, dorsal portion =>

Back 126

inferior parathyroid gland

Front 127

3rd pharyngeal pouch, ventral portion =>

Back 127

thymus

Front 128

4th pharyngeal pouch, dorsal portion =>

Back 128

superior parathyroid gland

Front 129

4th pharyngeal pouch, ventral portion =>

Back 129

ultimobranchial body

=> parafollicular (C) cells of thyroid

Front 130

pharyngeal grooves are found:

Back 130

between pharyngeal arches, pointing Medially

Front 131

1st pharyngeal groove =>

Back 131

external auditory meatus

Front 132

the remaining pharyngeal grooves are:

Back 132

overgrown by the 2nd pharyngeal arch

Front 133

Lateral cervical cyst on neck is the result of:

Back 133

a *persistant* cervical sinus

- cervical fistula may be present

Front 134

HYPOparathyroidism =>

Back 134

HYPOcalcemia

- not breaking down Ca2+ to go into bloodstream

Front 135

the pharynx is split into 3 parts:

Back 135

1. nasopharynx

2. oropharynx

3. laryngopharynx

Front 136

the nasopharynx contains the cartilagenous:

Back 136

torus taberius, which contains the opening of the eustachian tube

Front 137

what separates the orpharynx from the oral cavity?

Back 137

the palatoglossal arch

Front 138

vallaculae =

Back 138

depression b/w base of tongue and epiglottis

Front 139

the borders of the valleculae are formed by the:

Back 139

glossoepiglottic folds

Front 140

the laryngopharynx is found:

Back 140

posterior to the larynx

Front 141

just lateral to the opening of the larynx =

Back 141

piriform recesses

- foreign objects lodge here

Front 142

tonsils =

Back 142

collections of lymphoid tissue

Front 143

tonsils:

(2)

Back 143

1. 4 pairs

2. regress with age

Front 144

tonsilectomy refers to:

Back 144

removing palatine tonsils

Front 145

2 risks of tonsilectomy:

Back 145

1. extensive bleeding

2. damage to lingual branch of CN 9

Front 146

tonsil stones (tonsilloliths) =

Back 146

bacteria, fooed, etc.

=> bad breath, stuck feeling

Front 147

"adenoids" = another name for

Back 147

tonsils

Front 148

adenoiditis =

Back 148

inflammation of **pharyngeal** tonsils

Front 149

adenoiditis =>

(2)

Back 149

1. breathing problems

2. middle ear infections/hearing loss

Front 150

action of pharyngeal muscles =

Back 150

propelling food down the esophagus during swallowing

Front 151

pharyngeal muscles:

(5)

Back 151

1. sup, middle, and inf. constrictors

2. cricopharyngeus

3. stylopharyngeus

4. scalpingopharyngeus (forms fold)

5. palantopharyngeus (forms fold)

Front 152

the sup, middle, and inferior constrictors all attach at the:

Back 152

pharyngeal raphe, posteriorly

Front 153

**cricopharyngeus:**

(2)

Back 153

1. part of inferior constrictor

2. **= sphincter of the esophagus**

Front 154

Innervation of Pharynx:

(2)

Back 154

CN 9 and 10 as pharyngeal plexus

Front 155

motor innervation of pharynx =

Back 155

CN 10

**except for stylopharyngeus (~~ CN 9)**

Front 156

sensory innervation of pharynx =

Back 156

CN 9

Front 157

gag reflex ~~

Back 157

CN 9's high sensitivity to touch

- e/t from post. 1/3 of tongue back will contract (gag)

Front 158

tensor veli palatini action:

Back 158

tenses soft palate

Front 159

tensor veli palatini helps to:

(2)

Back 159

1. close nasopharynx during swallowing

2. open auditory tube during yawning/swallowing

Front 160

tensor veli palatini is innervated by:

Back 160

V3

Front 161

levator veli palatini actions:

Back 161

same as tensor veli palatini, except that it elevates the soft palate instead of tensing it

Front 162

levator veli is innervated by:

Back 162

CN 10

Front 163

palatoglossal muscle:

(2)

Back 163

1. forms the palatoglossal arch

2. depresses soft palate, narrowing the pharyngeal inlet

(palatopharyngeal muscle does the same)

Front 164

another name for palatoglossal arch =

Back 164

anterior pillar of the fauces

Front 165

main function of soft palate =

Back 165

seals nasopharynx from oropharynx during swallowing

Front 166

**ALL soft palate muscles are innervated by _____, except for tensor veli palatini, which is innervated by ______

Back 166

CN 10;

V3

Front 167

larynx =

(2)

Back 167

voice box,

entrance to trachea

Front 168

false cord =

Back 168

vestibular fold/ligament

Front 169

vocal fold =

Back 169

true fold

- contains *vocal* ligament

Front 170

space between true and false cords =

Back 170

ventricle

Front 171

glottis =

Back 171

true cords and the space between them

Front 172

laryngeal cartilages:

(4)

Back 172

1, thyroid cartilage

2. cricoid cartilage

3. arythenoid cartilages (x2)

4. epiglottis

Front 173

thyroid cartilage:

(2)

Back 173

1. produces thyroid notch

2. connected to hyoid via membrane

Front 174

cricoid cartilage looks like a:

Back 174

signet ring

(wider in the back)

Front 175

cricothyrotomy =

Back 175

incision through cricothyroid membrane for emergency airway

Front 176

arytenoid cartilages:

(3)

Back 176

1. sit on cricoid cartilagenous

2. have lateral muscular processes

3. have an anterior vocal process, to which cords attach and run to thyroid cartilage

Front 177

epiglottis:

(2)

Back 177

1. closes over larynx during swallowing

2. connects to arytenoid cartilage via aryepiglottic folds

Front 178

2 laryngeal membranes:

Back 178

1. quadrangular membrane

2. conus elasticus

Front 179

quadrangular membrane:

(2)

Back 179

1. from arythenoids to epiglottis

2. above false cord

Front 180

conus elasticus:

(2)

Back 180

1. from cricoid to thyroid cartilage

2. below true vocal cords

Front 181

3 functions of the larynx:

Back 181

1. closes laryngeal inlet to keep food and stuff out of the airway

2. closes laryngeal inlet to inc. pressure in abdomen (coughing, pooping, etc)

3. produces voice/opens airway

Front 182

6 laryngeal muscles and their actions:

Back 182

1. posterior cricoarytenoid
- ONLY muscle that ABd's the vocal cords

2. transver arytenoid - add's

3. oblique arytenoid - add's

4. lateral cricoarytenoid - add's

5. cricothyroid - changes inflection

6. vocalis - fine-tunes

Front 183

phonation =

Back 183

air pushed out between vocal cords, which vibrate

Front 184

puberty => enlargement of vocal cords =>

Back 184

change in voice

Front 185

sensory innervation of larynx =

(2)

Back 185

internal branch above vocal cords, recurrent laryngeals below

Front 186

motor innervation of larynx =

Back 186

recurrent laryngeals, except for cricothyroid muscles (~ external branch of superior laryngeal)

Front 187

parasymp, postganglionic fibers from otic ganglion hitch hike on:

Back 187

V3's auriculotemporal nerve

Front 188

injury to ONE recurrent laryngeal =>

Back 188

hoarse voice

Front 189

injury to BOTH recurrent laryngeals =>

Back 189

loss of voice altogether

Front 190

**injury to internal branch of superior laryngeal =>**

Back 190

loss of cough reflex => infections

Front 191

what does the lingual branch of CN 9 provide?

(2)

Back 191

1. special sensory (taste) to post 1/3 of tongue

2. visceral sensory " "

Front 192

taste from anterior 2/3rds of tongue is conveyed by:

Back 192

the chorda tympani nerve of CN 7

Front 193

general sensory from anterior 2/3rds of tongue is conveyed by:

Back 193

V3

Front 194

the lateral and medial pterygoid plates belong to the:

Back 194

sphenoid bone

Front 195

muscles of mastication:

(2)

Back 195

1. ALL move the mandible at the TMJ

2. all innervated by **V3**

Front 196

4 muscles of mastication:

Back 196

1. masseter - elevation, ipsi excursion

2. temporalis - elevation, retraction, ipsi excursion

3. medial pterygoid - elevation, contralateral excursion

4. lateral pterygoid - protrusion, contralateral excursion

Front 197

what's the only muscle that protrudes the mandible?

Back 197

the lateral pterygoid

Front 198

both pterygoids originate on the:

Back 198

*lateral* pterygoid plate

Front 199

the TMJ is the point at which the temporal bone articulates with the:

Back 199

condyle of the mandible

Front 200

what divides the TMJ into two joint spaces?

Back 200

the intra-articular disk

Front 201

what makes sure the intra-articular disk moves with the condyle?

Back 201

the joint capsule

Front 202

3 planes of movement at the TMJ:

Back 202

1. translation/sliding

2. hinge/vertical

3. excursion

Front 203

2 steps to opening the mouth:

Back 203

1. suprahyoids initiate movement

2. Lateral pterygoids protract the mandible => condyle slides forward and out

Front 204

maxillary artery:

(3)

Back 204

1. ~~ pgp fossa

2. = main artery of deep facial muscles

3. runs deep to ramus

Front 205

the maxillary artery supplies:

(4)

Back 205

1. palate

2. nasal cavity

3. muscles of mastication

4. all teeth

Front 206

major branches of maxillary =

(2)

Back 206

1. inferior alveolar

2. **middle meningeal**

Front 207

what does the middle meningeal split?

Back 207

the auriculotemporal nerve of V3

Front 208

pterygoid plexus of veins:

(2)

Back 208

1. on surface of pterygoid muscles

2. drains infratemporal region

Front 209

infeciton from face OR MOUTH can:

Back 209

spread through veins into cavernous sinus

Front 210

motor portion of V3 innervates:

(4)

Back 210

1. muscles of mastication

2. mylohypoid

3. anterior digastric

4. tensors tympani and veli

Front 211

sensory branches of V3 =

(5)

Back 211

1. auricolotemporal

2. buccal

3. lingual

4. inferior alveolar => mylohyoid

5. mental

Front 212

which branch of V3 does the chorda tympani nerve hitchhike on?

Back 212

the lingual nerve

Front 213

which branch of V3 do post. parasympathetics from otic ganglion hitchhike on?

Back 213

auriculotemporal

Front 214

the partodi duct comes into the mouth at the:

Back 214

vestibule, between lips and teeth

- parotid papillae

Front 215

mylohyoid = floor of mouth:

(2)

Back 215

1. elevates hyoid/floor

2. depresses mandible

Front 216

the sublingual land empties along:

Back 216

the floor of the mouth

Front 217

the submandibular gland's long duct travels along the floor of the mouth, emptying into:

Back 217

sublingual caruncle at the base of the frenulum

Front 218

parasympathetic supply to sublingual and submandibular salivary glands comes from:

Back 218

CN 7

Front 219

pathway of subligual and submandibular gland innervation: superior salivatory nucleus => preganglionics =>

Back 219

travel within chorda tympani => synapse onto submandibular gland => postganglionics travel to the sublingual gland

Front 220

the chorda tympani carries both:

Back 220

taste and visceral motor fibers (to salivatory glands)

Front 221

upper surface of the tongue =

Back 221

the dorsum

Front 222

terminal sulcus of tongue =

Back 222

v-shape splitting 2/3 from 1/3

- foramen cecum at its apex

Front 223

deep lingual vein on the ventral surface of the tongue ~~

Back 223

sublingual administration

Front 224

3 pairs of extrinsic tongue muscles:

Back 224

1. hyoglossus (depression)

2. styloglossus (retraction)

3. genioglossus (protrusion)

Front 225

taste from epiglottis/vallaculae is carried by:

Back 225

CN 10

Front 226

ALL taste fibers (from CN 7, 9, and 10) travel to:

Back 226

the solitary tract nucleus of the BS

Front 227

general sensory of the tongue is conveyed by:

Back 227

the lingual nerve of V3 for ant. 2/3,

lingual branch of CN 9 for post. 1/3