S&d Test 5: Gluteal/post. Thigh

Front 1

3 bones of the hip

Back 1

ilium, ischium, pubis

Front 2

At what age do the three bones fuse together?

Back 2

20-25 yo

Front 3

What is the name of the surface in the acetabulum where the head of the femur articulates?

Back 3

Lunate surface

Front 4

What disease can be diagnosed using tri-radiate cartilage placement?

Back 4

Congenital hip dislocation (more common in boys)

Front 5

What is the important line that denotes a continuous and symetrical line between the obturator foramen and medial aspect of the femur?

Back 5

Shenton's line

Front 6

What is misplaced in congenital hip dislocation?

Back 6

Ossification center of the femoral head

Front 7

Describe Ortolani's maneuver.

Back 7

Lift and abduct thigh, feeling for "clunk" when the femoral head re-seats into the acetabulum

Front 8

Describe Barlow's maneuver.

Back 8

(reverse of Ortolani's), tests hip instability
-Thigh is adducted, then gentle downward pressure to see if the hip is "dislocatable"

Front 9

What lies on top of the articular capsule of the hip joint? What muscle movement does it assist?

Back 9

Bursa, assists iliopsoas muscle movement

Front 10

What are the 3 ligaments of the hip joint?

Back 10

Iliofemoral (strongest), pubofemoral, ischiofemoral

Front 11

What movement does the iliofemoral ligament prevent?

Back 11

Hyperextension of the joint

Front 12

2 purposes of the acetabular labrum

Back 12

Protect and deepen the hip joint cavity

Front 13

What ligament lies at the bottom of the labrum and connects with the femoral head?

Back 13

Transverse acetabular ligament

Front 14

Connects the transverse acetabular ligament and femoral head

Back 14

Ligament of the head

Front 15

What vascularizes the femoral head?

Back 15

Artery of the head (branch of obturator)

Front 16

What is the major contributor for the hip joint vascular supply? Minor contributors?

Back 16

Major-medial circumflex a.
Minor-Lateral circumflex a., retinacular a., A. of head

Front 17

3 locations of femoral fractures

Back 17

Neck fractures (likely avascular necrosis), intertrochanteric fractures, spiral fractures (trauma)

Front 18

5 main things traveling through greater sciatic foramen

Back 18

Piriformis muscle
Sciatic nerve
Sup. and inf. gluteal nerve and vessels
Post. femoral cutaneous nerve
Pudendal n. and Internal pudendal a. (exit)

Front 19

2 main things in lesser sciatic foramen

Back 19

Obturator internus tendon
Pudendal n. and internal pudendal a. (re-enter)

Front 20

Function of gluteal maximus

Back 20

Extend and laterally rotate hip/thigh (mainly used when getting up)

Front 21

Innervation of gluteal maximus

Back 21

inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1,2)

Front 22

Function of gluteal medius and minimus

Back 22

Abductors, stabilize during walking

Front 23

Innervation of three abductors of hip

Back 23

superior gluteal nerve (L4,5, S1)

Front 24

Name of test to check for strength of hip abductors (stand and check lean)

Back 24

Trendelenburg test

Front 25

What lies on the anterior surface of the piriformis muscle?

Back 25

Sacral plexus

Front 26

Where does piriformis muscle attach?

Back 26

Greater trochanter

Front 27

Where does the obturator internus tendon insert?

Back 27

Medial surface of greater trochanter

Front 28

Where do the gemelli muscles (Sup. and Inf.) lie?

Back 28

On either side of the obturator internus tendon
-Sup. arises from ischial spine
-Inf. arises from post. ischium

Front 29

Function of quadratus femoris

Back 29

Lateral rotator

Front 30

Innervation of lateral hip rotators

Back 30

Described as "nerve to..."
-nerve to piriformis
-nerve to obturator internus
-nerve to quadratus femoris

Front 31

Sciatic nerve passes between which two lateral hip rotators

Back 31

piriformis and superior gemelli

Front 32

Innervation of hamstrings

Back 32

Sciatic nerve (L5, S1,2)

Front 33

Vasculature of hamstrings

Back 33

Perforating arteries of deep femoral a.

Front 34

Role of hamstrings

Back 34

Knee flexors and hip extensors

Front 35

Which muscle "unlocks" the knee from an extended position?

Back 35

Popliteus

Front 36

What often accompanies pulled hamstring injuries?

Back 36

Hematomas

Front 37

What two nerves make up the sciatic nerve?

Back 37

Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve (branches to these in the popliteal region)

Front 38

Injection site for IM drugs

Back 38

Place palm on greater trochanter and index on ASIS, then between index and middle finger

Front 39

Posterior hip dislocations present with what type of rotation?

Back 39

Internally rotated, shortened, adducted, and flexed

Front 40

What often happens with posterior hip dislocations?

Back 40

Avascular necrosis (AVN)

Front 41

Difference of presentation between posterior hip dislocation and femoral neck fractures.

Back 41

PHD-Internally rotated and shortened
FNF-externally rotated and shortened

Front 42

Describe order of contents of popliteal fossa from superficial to deep.

Back 42

Tibial/Common fibular nerve, popliteal vein, popliteal a.

Front 43

What runs down the posterior midline of calf?

Back 43

Small saphenous vein

Front 44

What presents as a lump in the posterior knee?

Back 44

Baker cyst or popliteal cyst; usually after injury b/c of increased synovial fluid production in small bursa

Front 45

What provides cutaneous innervation for the posterior thigh region?

Back 45

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1,2,3)