S&d Test 4: Deep Neck

Front 1

What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture?

Back 1

Body of T1 vertebrae, medial margins of 1st ribs, manubrium

Front 2

Major venous vessels from distal to proximal on right side, starting at subclavian.

Back 2

R Subclavian vein, external jugular vein joins, then internal jugular vein joins at venous angle, then R brachiocephalic, then SVC

Front 3

What is the name of the junction of the IJV and R subclavian vein?

Back 3

venous angle

Front 4

Which brachiocephalic vein is longer?

Back 4

Left

Front 5

What else joins the systemic venous circulation at the venous angle?

Back 5

thoracic duct

Front 6

What three branches come off the aortic arch?

Back 6

Brachiocephalic trunk (aka innominate a.), Left common carotid a., left subclavian a.

Front 7

Where do the common carotids bifurcate?

Back 7

C4

Front 8

Which artery ascends into the cranial cavity through the carotid canal to supply vascular supply to the eye/orbit and brain?

Back 8

Internal carotid (doesn't branch, usually more posterior)

Front 9

The external carotid a. gives rise to numerous branches. What are the 3 main ones?

Back 9

Superior thyroid, lingual, facial

Front 10

What two receptors lie at the carotid bifurcation?

Back 10

Carotid body and carotid sinus

Front 11

What type of receptor is the carotid body and what does it do?

Back 11

Chemoreceptor-monitors blood Oxy levels

Front 12

What type of receptor is the carotid sinus and what does it do?

Back 12

Baroreceptor-reacts to changes in arterial pressure

Front 13

What innervates the carotid receptors?

Back 13

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Front 14

What is the largest branch off the subclavian artery?

Back 14

vertebral artery

Front 15

What muscle divides the subclavian artery into 3 parts?

Back 15

Anterior scalene (medial, posterior to, lateral)

Front 16

3 major branches from 1st part of subclavian a.?

Back 16

Vertebral, internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk (VIT C&D)

Front 17

Major branch from 2nd part of subclavian

Back 17

Costocervical trunk

Front 18

Major branch from 3rd part of subclavian

Back 18

Dorsal scapular a.

Front 19

Branches of thyrocervical trunk?

Back 19

Inferior thyroid, suprascapular, transverse cervical, ascending cervical

Front 20

What role do the scalene muscles play?

Back 20

Accessory respiratory and lateral flexors of cervical vertebrae

Front 21

Where do the scalene muscles insert?

Back 21

1st rib for ant. (scalene tubercle) and middle; 2nd for post.

Front 22

What passes between the anterior and middle scalene muscles?

Back 22

brachial plexus and subclavian artery

Front 23

What passes anteriorly to the anterior scalene?

Back 23

Subclavian vein

Front 24

What lies on the anterior surface of the anterior scalene?

Back 24

Phrenic nerve

Front 25

What 3 hormones does the thyroid gland produce?

Back 25

T3, T4, calcitonin

Front 26

What is the extension of the thyroid gland superiorly called?

Back 26

Pyramidal lobe

Front 27

What are the two main arterial supplies for the thyroid gland, and where do they come from?

Back 27

Superior thyroid a. (1st branch off ext. carotid) & inferior thyroid a. (branch off thyrocervical trunk)

Front 28

What artery arises in 10% of people from brachiocephalic trunk/aorta?

Back 28

Thyroid ima artery

Front 29

Three pairs of veins for thyroid gland?

Back 29

superior thyroid (into IJV), middle thyroid (into IJV), Inferior thyroid (brachiocephalic veins)

Front 30

Where are parathyroid glands found?

Back 30

there are 4, found on posterior aspects of thyroid gland. sometimes found on thymus (b/c develop from 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches)

Front 31

3 main nerves in deep neck

Back 31

Sympathetic trunk, phrenic nerve, vagus nerve

Front 32

What nerves innervate the voice box? Where do they branch from?

Back 32

Superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves (from vagus)

Front 33

The superior laryngeal nerve branches into the internal and external branches. What does each do?

Back 33

Internal-innervates mucous membranes ABOVE vocal cords; external-innervates cricothyroid (injury causes monotone voice)

Front 34

Where do the recurrent laryngeal nerves innervate?

Back 34

Mucous membranes BELOW the vocal cords and remaining muscles of larynx

Front 35

What do the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves loop around?

Back 35

L-aortic arch; R- right subclavian a.

Front 36

What artery does the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve run with?

Back 36

Superior thyroid a.

Front 37

How do the recurrent laryngeal nerves approach the voicebox?

Back 37

Ascend from below through the tracheoesophageal groove

Front 38

How many ganglia and names for sympathetic chain? Where is it?

Back 38

3 ganglia-superior, middle, inferior; located posterior to carotid sheath

Front 39

Where do cervical sympathetic chain fibers synapse? How do they reach their final destination?

Back 39

within the superior cervical ganglion, then travel as carotid plexuses

Front 40

What muscle covers the suboccipital triangle?

Back 40

Splenius capitis and cervicis

Front 41

Two main neurovasculature in suboccipital triangle?

Back 41

vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus C1)

Front 42

Muscular boundaries of suboccipital triangle

Back 42

rectus capitis posterior major&minor; obliquus capitis inferior, obliquus capitis superior

Front 43

Main purpose of suboccipital muscles

Back 43

Primarily proprioceptive muscles (by dorsal ramus C1)

Front 44

Where do the greater and least occipital nerves supply innervation to?

Back 44

Greater-posterior head above nuchal line (C2 dorsal ramus); least-posterior neck below nuchal line (C3 dorsal ramus)