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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What membrane breaks down to begin the mesenchymal migration that produces 5 pairs of pharyngeal arches?
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oropharyngeal (buccopharyngeal)
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What do the pharyngeal arches initially form from?
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mesenchyme of neural crest and mesodermal (neural crest forms skeletal structures and dermis)
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What do the occipital somites contribute to?
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Sclerotomes-base of skull; myotome-axial muscles of neck (some will fill the 4th and 6th arches and contribute to laryngeal muscles and tongue)
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Where generally do the somitomeres contribute?
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Head and skull
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What are the 4 pieces of each pharyngeal arch?
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cartilage (NC), cranial nerve (NC & ectoderm), muscle (paraxial mesoderm), aortic arch (LPM)
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Which arch does the cricoid cartilage come from?
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VI
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Which cranial nerves innervate the arches?
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V, VII, IX, X (in order, with the vagus serving the fourth and sixth arch)
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Which arch contributes to muscles of mastication?
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Arch 1
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Which arch contributes to muscles of facial expression?
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Arch 2
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Which arch contributes to the cricothyroid?
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Arch 4,6
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Which aortic arch becomes the common carotid artery?
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3rd aortic arch
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Where are the internal carotid arteries formed from?
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dorsal aortae
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What happens to the 1st and 2nd aortic arches?
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Lose their connection with the dorsal aorta, becoming the maxillary and stapedial arteries
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What are the two main parts of the developmental skull?
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Neurocranium and viscerocranium
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Which part of the skull is formed from the pharyngeal arches?
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Bottom (viscerocranium)
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Which skull plate is formed from neural crest?
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Frontal skull
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Which skull plate is formed from paraxial mesoderm?
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Parietal skull
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What is the benefit of unossified fontanels?
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Molding/flexibility during childbirth
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At what age does the anterior fontanel close?
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18 months
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What is the premature closure of cranial sutures?
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craniosynostosis (increases cranial pressure)
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What two embryonic structures contribute to the cartilaginous neurocranium?
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neural crest and occipital sclerotomes
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This clinical presentation can be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait or from teratogen exposure leading to craniofacial defects.
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Treacher Collins syndrome
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What is also commonly seen with craniofacial defects? Why?
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Heart septation defects b/c they are driven by neural crest cells
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