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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Patterns Changing patterns to divorce and why there was a increase? |
1960s - big increase in divorce Changes in law Declining stigma and changing attitudes Secularisation Rising expectations of marriage Changes in postions of women.
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Patterns Divorce Changes in law |
Divorce was difficult to get in the 19th century Changes - Divorce is cheaper Widening the grounds for divorce Equalising the grounds for divorce between sexes. Divorce is easliy available, hence why the divorce rates have increased. |
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Patterns Divorce Declining stigma and changing attitudes
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As divorce is more socially acceptable, couples have become more willing to resort to divorce as a means of solving their marital problems. Divorce is regarded as a misfortune rather than shameful.
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Patterns Divorce Secularisation |
The decline in the influence or religion in society Ideas are losing their influence Church attendance rates continue to decline People are less likely to be influenced by religious teachings.
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Patterns Divorce Rising expectations of marriage |
Ronald Fletcher (1966) - higher expectations of marriage nowadays is a major cause of high divorce rates. There were less expectations in the past as marriages were often contracted largely for economic reasons or out of duty to one's family.
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Patterns Divorce Rising expectations of marriage |
High rates of marriage after divorce shows that although divorcees many have become dissatisfied with a particular partner, they have not rejected marriage as an institution. Feminists - the oppression of women within the family is the main cause of marital conflict and divorce. |
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Patterns Divorce Changes in the position of women |
Women are much more likely to be paid in work Anti - discrimination laws help narrow the pay gap Girls greater success in education Women are now financially independent Feminists - Men benefit from women's unpaid domestic labour
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Patterns Divorce The meaning of high divorce rates |
New right - divorce undermines the traditional nuclear family. Feminists - see it as a good thing as it shows women are breaking from the oppression of the patriarchal nuclear family. Postmodernists - family diversity Functionalists - there are high expectations of divorce |
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Patterns Marriage |
Fewer people are marrying "Serial monogamy" a pattern of marriage - divorce - re marriage People are marrying later Couples are less likely to marry in church. |
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Patterns Reasons for changing patterns of marriage |
Getting married is not seen as a norm and individuals are given freedom Declining stigma attached to alternatives Better educational and career prospects People may not marry because of the increased likehood of marriage ending in divorce |
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Patterns Cohabitation |
Fastest growing family in the UK Number of cohabitating couples is expected to double by 2021 |
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Patterns Reasons for change in cohabitation |
Increase shows the decline in stigma attached to sex outside of marriage Increased career opportunities for women may also mean that they have less need for the financial security of marriage. |
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Patterns The relationship between cohabitation and marriage |
Robert Chester (1985) - for most people cohabitation is part of the process of getting married. See cohabitating as a trial marriage.
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Patterns Same - sex relationships |
Increased social acceptance for same - sex relationships. 2004 - civil partnerships act gives same sex relationship similar rights as married couples.
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Patterns One person Households - reasons for the change |
Increase in separation and divorce has created more one persons households Peter Stein - (1976) - a growing number of people are opting for " creative singlehood" |
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Patterns Childbearing - reasons for the change |
4 in over 10 children are now born outside marriage Women are now having children later in life Decline in stigma attached Increase in cohabitation |
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Patterns Lone parent families - reasons for the change |
Over 90% of these families are headed by lone mother A child living with a lone parent is more likely to be in poverty. Lone parent families have increased because of the increase in divorce and separation. Decline in stigma attached to births outside marriage. Lone parent families tend to be female headed - court give custody to the mothers. |
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Patterns Lone parenthood, the welfare state and poverty |
Murry - (1984) - the growth of lone parent familes as resulting from and over - generous welfare state Welfare state creates a " dependency culture" New Right - Welfare benefits are way to generous Most lone parents are women, who generally earn less than men. |
