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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Water absorbs body heat ____ times faster than air
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25
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Full wetsuits should be worn when the water temp is between ___ and ___ degrees
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65-80 degrees
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If the water temp is 65 degrees or less, a ____ is manditory
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dry suit
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The acronym SCUBA stands for:
___________ |
Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus
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A _____ cylinder (tank) will affect your buoyancy more than a ___ one because there is a greater weight difference btwn full and empty.
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Aluminum has a greater weight difference than steel.
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To ensure you don't run out of air, monitor your ____ often.
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submersible pressure gauge
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ATM is: ___?
How much pressure (psi) is 1 ATM? |
Atmoshpere
1 ATM is 14.7 psi |
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At how many feet (or meters) do you experience 2 ATMs?
3 ATM? |
At 33 feet (10 meters) you have 2 ATM
At 66 feet (20 meters) you have 3 ATM, etc |
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When using the manual control button, extend the ____ to the highest point to get the most effiecient deflation
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inflator hose
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What does BCD stand for?
What is BC? |
Buoyancy Control Device
buoyance compensator = BC |
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What are the 2 kinds of flags used for diving?
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recreational and alpha
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How often must a tank be visually inspected?
Hydrostatically? |
Visually every year.
Hydrostatically every 5 years |
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Carry extra ____, ____ and ____ hoses when you travel
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an extra mask, and high and low pressure hoses.
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The _____ in a mask helps equalize pressure in your ears and sinuses.
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nose pocket
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The air delivery system consists of the tank, the _____ and the ____.
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the tank, the first stage regulator (at top of tank) and the second stage regulator (where you breathe in and out of on your bc)
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What is the octopus?
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Your ALTERNATE second stage air source. It is yellow.
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What is a regulator
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It is the hosing that connects to the tank and consists of the 1st and 2nd stage regulators
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A general rule for dressing is to get ready when?
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right before the dive so you dont overheat.
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When should you put your weight belt on?
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Last
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Walking with fins can be awkward. It's easier and safer to shuffle _____ with them on.
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shuffle backwards
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When doing the "step in" entry (the most common entry), what equipment should you hold in place?
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Your mask and your weight belt
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Your BC should be _____ and you should have the _______ in your mouth when you enter the water
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BC should be inflated, and the regulator in your mouth
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The most common kick divers use is the ___________.
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Flutter kick.
(it's a slow stroke where the kick comes from the hips, not knees) |
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When snorkeling, the best buddy approach is to have:
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one up one down approach
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How do you eliminate mask squeeze?
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exhale gently through your nose
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How do you equalize your ears?
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pinch your nose closed and gently exhale.
you can also yawn, swallow or wiggle your jaw. |
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If you have problems equalizing what should you do?
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stop, ascend a few feet until the discomfort stops.
never disregard pain or discomfort. |
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To avoid equalization problems, what should you do?
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begin before you descend, as you are submerging, and continually as you descend.
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Whenever you exit the water, make sure that your BC ______ in case you fall back in
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has air in it
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How do you examine your scuba tank?
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Open valve and do a quick air sniff.
Inspect the O ring |
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How do you examine the regulator?
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Remove the dust cap.
Make sure there is no debris Make sure the filter is grey and clean |
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Before you turn on the air, what should you check the 2nd stages for?
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Inhale to make sure you can't get any air from them. If you can that means something is wrong.
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Before you turn on the air, the depth gauge and pressure gauge should both register _____.
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zero
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As you turn on the air slowly, the gauges should be pointed ______.
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face down, away from you and others
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Once the air is on, you should _____ and ______ the BC to determine proper function of the valves
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inflate and deflate
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When putting on your gear, always make sure your _____ doesnt interfere with you _____.
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make sure your BC doesnt interfere with your weight belt
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The pre-entry buddy check includes these 4 steps:
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1) Visual inspection that mask is in place
2) Hoses and gauges are tucked in 3) BC is buckled and snug 4) weight release systems is accessible |
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The pre-entry hands on check includes these 4 steps:
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1) cylinder valve is open
2) pressure gauge shows sufficient air 3) You see the octopus and is properly secured 4) you know how to use their weight system |
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You may go underwater when you first enter the water, so always keep your ___________.
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mask on, regulator in, and BC inflated.
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The method for breathing through the 2nd stage is a slow steady ___ followed by a relaxed ____.
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inhale, exhale
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If you cannot locate your primary second stage, another option is to breathe out of your ____ ____
until your primary can be located. |
alternate 2nd stage
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As you approach the depth at which you'd like to stabilize, add more air to the _____ if needed to become ______ in the water.
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BC, neutrally buoyant
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You and your buddy should decide when you want to ascend, signal each other that you are ready, then ascend together. Your goal is a _____, effortless ascent with a _____ at 15 feet.
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controlled, safety rest
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Keep an eye on your _____ or ____ and timing device, make sure you don't exceed more than 30 feet/min. If using a depth gauge and timer, 30 feet should ____ seconds to complete
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depth gauge, dive computer, 60 seconds.
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As a general rule, when exiting, leave your _____ in place, and your BC _____ until you are safely out of the water
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mask, inflated
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Ear equalization, or "clearing," should be _______ upon descending and continued as you dive deeper and should never be done _______.
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started immediately, forcefully
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If your sinuses are blocked it's best not to _____ until the problem is _____ and they are open again.
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dive, resolved
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A common reaction to anxiety or fear is a ______, _______ breathing pattern
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rapid, shallow
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Unless a diver ______, ______ and gets _______ under control, stress and even panic may result
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stops, thinks, breathing
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To prevent Co2 excess, avoid ____ and dive with high quality, well maintained ________.
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overexertion, equipment
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Always breathe ________, never hold your breathe; even if the ______ is out of your mouth while under water. Develop a habit of ______ a steady stream of bubbles
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normally, regulator, exhaling
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Proper weight allows the diver to get underwater and begin descent. With proper weighting, achievement of _____ under water is accomplished by ______ air to or ______ or ________ from the BC
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buoyancy, adding or subtracting
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Once neutrally buoyant at any depth, if you move into _____ water, the air in your BC will expand and you will need to _____ air from the BC and become suspended
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shallower, release
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Hearing is affected (underwater) because sound waves travel ____ times faster in water than in air
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four
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A sound all divers need to know is the clancking of a divers tool against a ______ _________. This is a signal to get another diver attn.
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scuba cylinder
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The body loses heat faster in water than air ______ x faster
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25x
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When body temp is allowed to drop below 95 degrees, _____ set in
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hypothermia
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Failure to keep an open airway to the lungs upon ascent can result in one of four _____ injuries
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overexpansion
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During the process of releasing nitrogen from the tissues, it is important that the diver come up ______ enough to allow the ______ to stay in solution in the tissues while being released.
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slowly, nitrogen
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The proper rate of ascent is ____ per minute
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30 feet
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Write all contact info in your ___ ___
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SSI Total Dive Log
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While it is important to know emergency precautions, ___ ____ divers who use good ____ should never need to use them, or make it necessary for others to use them
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properly trained, judgement
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After your ascent, when you reach the surface, inflate the _____, do a weight system check, keep your _____ in place and either keep the _____ in place or switch to snorkel breathing
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snorkel, mask, regulator
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An emergency _______ ascent is the same as a normal ascent except that you are prepared to ditch your weight system for immediate positive buoyance if necessary.
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swimming
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If you are confused or panicked, and there is doubt about which ascent to use, ditch the weights and do the ______ ascent
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buoyant
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____ _____ and the ____ _____ are designed to allow you to make as many repetitive dives per day as you'd like as long as you remain within the _____ limits
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dive computers, no-decompression
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The deepest point you reach during the dive no matter how long you stayed there is called _____.
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depth
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The total amount of elapsed time from the start of your descent until you reach the surface is called the _____ ______
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bottom time
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The surface interval (SI) is defined as the amount of time the diver stays out of the _____ or on the surface ______ dives
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water, between
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Any dive started more than ___ minutes and less than _____ hours after a previous dive is called a repetitive dive.
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10 mins, 12 hours
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Dive computers plan and monitor your data throughout the ___ ___, and when used properly, can add many _____ to your dives while remaining within the no-decompression limits
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diving day, minutes
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It is important to remember that dive computers cant guarantee that you will not suffer from ____ ____.
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decompression sickness
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When diving at _____, your nitrogen absorption rate is different than at _____ ______ because of the lower atmospheric pressure, and because diving at altitude is generally done in fresh water
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altitude, sea level
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To avoid decompression problems, it's recommended that you wait ___ hours if you plan to fly or even drive about 8k feet.
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24 hours
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Pressuring an _____ diver is a sure way of causing stress and an accident
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unprepared diver
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the ____ _____ in your dive log may help you record your parameters and plan a repetitive dive
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dive profile
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each diver has the right at any time, for any reason, to ____ ____ a _____, even if you are dressed and ready to enter the water
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call off a dive
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Diving should always be fun. To help ensure this, always dive within your ____ and _____ level.
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ability and comfort level
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Some things you can do to make your diving more enjoyable include consuming adequate ____ liquids to prevent dehydration and eating ____ throughout the day
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non-alcoholic and sensibly
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in addition to tracking your # of logged dives your ____ is an important source of info for subsequent dives, for keeping track of your training, and for recording _____
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dive log, memories
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The surface of the planet is made up of ____ water
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72% water
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Plant production in the ocean is ____times more than on land. More than ___ of the oxygen is produced by marine plants
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10x, 85%
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The ____ and ____ are the forces that originally acts on the water to create tides, primarily the ___
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moon, sun, moon
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Near shore the best time for diving is when there is _____ exchange of ______ between the tides
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minimal exchange of water
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dense, cold waters sink under the warm layers. the boundaries between layers are called ______
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thermoclines
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Hold on while re-entering the boat because while your ____ feels weightless under water, it wont on the surface
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equipment
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There are 3 precautions in the event you fall back into the water:
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1) keep your mask on
2) keep your regulator in your mouth 3) BC inflated so you float |
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When entering and exiting from shore your primary concerns are to avoid being knocked down by _____ and _____
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surf, backwash
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Any time you find yourself facing into a rip current, turn and swim at a ______ ______ to it until you catch a shoreward water movement, or at least move out of the main force of the current.
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right angle or diagonol
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In _____ _______ you simply float along with the current, and so does the boat, ready to pick you up when you surface
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drift diving
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Even though your certification is valid for ____. you should dive at least __ to ___ x per year to keep your scuba skills proficient
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lifetime,
4-5x/year |
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Many dive destinations require that you have recent diving______. The ___ ___ ___ tab in your dive log shows at a glance that you've kept your dive skills current
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experience
scuba skills update tab |
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Wind affects the water by creating these 3 things:
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waves,
surf, surge |
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To avoid a strong surge, what should you do?
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move a little deeper in the water
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How can you see a rip current?
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either by seeing surface foam moving out to sea or by seeing areas where there are low waves or no waves in the surf line.
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If you get caught in a rip current while returning to shore, what should you do?
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swim to one side or another to escape it-- eventually you will swim around it
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If a surf forms before the shoreline, it means there's a submerged sandbar. This in turn means there could be a ____ there
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rip current
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When there is a current, how should you plan your dive?
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swim against the current for the entire dive so you're upstream from the boat when you want to return.
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When diving with a current, it's best to descend:
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along the anchor line so you can get below the current
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The reason your ears hurt as you dive deeper is:
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water is much more dense and therefore heavier than air, and pressure increases rapidly as you descend
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what is the ratio of liquids to solids and gases in the human body?
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70/30
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which of the following is compressible in the human body?
liquids solids gases |
gases
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the air spaces which contain compressible gases when we dive include
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lungs, ears, sinuses
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three ways to equalize your ears
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yawning, pinching your nose and blowing, wiggling your jaw
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True or false, the greatesst pressure change affecting your ears is in close to the surface, especially the 15-20 foot range
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true
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if you feel a squeeze in your mask what should you do?
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exhale out thru your nose into the mask until it feels comfortable again
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Managing your breathing is the most important diving stress mgmt technique. How do you get your breathing and stress under control?
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stop what you are doing
return your breathing to normal focus on what to do next |
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what's the ration of oxygen to nitrogen in the air we breathe?
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20/80, and nitrogen is inert, meaning we dont use it
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objects viewed through your mask appear __% closer and __% larger under water
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25% closer and 33% larger
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over-expansion symptoms include
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numbness in arm or leg, temporary loss of vision, hearing or speech, shortness of breath or chest pain
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decompression sickness symptoms include
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rash, breathing difficulty, joint or muscle pain, numbness, nausea, fatigue or dizziness.
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True or false: Decompression sickness and over-expansion injuries have very similar symptoms
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true, and should be treated as DCS until the exact illness is determined.
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short term treatment of decompression sickness is?
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100% oxygen, and non-alcoholic fluids if they are conscious.
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When using the dive tables, bottom time is defined as:
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the total time elapsed from the beginning of the descent to the beginning of the ascent.
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What is the rule of thumb for knowing when to ascend and with how much air displaying on your gauge so that you how to have 500 lbs of air left in your tank
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(Depth * 10) + 300
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