Scs - Concussion

Front 1

Five major features for the definition of concussion

Back 1

1. Blow to head
2. rapid onset of short-lived impairment of neurologic function that resolves spontaneously
3. Acute symptoms largely reflect a functional disturbance rather than a structure injury
4. Resoultion of clinical and cognitive symptoms typically follows a sequential course
5. No abnormality on imaging is seen

Front 2

Why is it speculated that children are more vulnerable to concussion than adults?

Back 2

1. Due to continued development of Nervous System, synapses
2. Development of skeletal system (protection)
3. Cervical soft tissue's ability to withstand energy transmitted

Front 3

Substance involved with concussion in brain

Back 3

Glutamate - excitatory NT that will interfere with cell communication

Front 4

S/S of post-concussion syndrome

Back 4

HA, fog, emotional changes, amnesia, behavioral changes, sleep disorders, altered cognition, diminished reaction time, dizziness, gait alteration.
May progress to dementia, parkinsonism, ALS, chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Front 5

Extent of head injury is related to what factors?

Back 5

1. amount of force
2. number of previous concussions
3. ability of anatomical structures to absorb energy
4. age
5. capability of objects involved to absorb energy
6. Protective equipment

Front 6

Protective equipment and Zurich's findings

Back 6

Protective equipment does not prevent concussion (includes mouth guards - but mouth guards can prevent dental/orofacial injuries)

Front 7

What CNs (and how to test) after concussion

Back 7

II: optic, vision
III: occulomotor: eye movement
IV: trochlear: diagnol movement
VII: fascial, control of mm

Front 8

Last deficits to recover following concussion in high school athletes?

Back 8

cognitive function
-3 words
-Subtract 7 from 100
-months in reverse order

Front 9

What does The STandardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) test?

Back 9

orientation, immediate memory, neurological status, concentration and delayed recall of the athlete

Front 10

What does the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing System or ImPACT test?

Back 10

level of symptoms
verbal/visual memory
processing speed
reaction time (to 1/100th of a second)
attention span and time
response variability
non-verbal problem solving

Front 11

Concussion rehabilitation stages

Back 11

1 through 5 based on HR
Stage 1: 30-40% for 10-15 mins
STage 2: 40-60 min for 30 mins

1: no activity
2. light aerobic
3. sport specific
4: full contact
5: return to play

Front 12

What is second impact syndrome?

Back 12

Potentially fatal injury due to complete loss of auto-regulation of blood supply to the brain resulting in uncontrolled swelling

Front 13

Best helmet for concussions

Back 13

Riddell Revolution Speed
5 star crash test

Front 14

Zurich: 6 stages of Graduated RTP Protocol

Back 14

1. No activity
2. Light aerobic < 70% Max HR
3. Sport-specific (add movement)
4. Non-contact training drills (ex, coordination, and cognitive load)
5. Full-contact practice (restore confidence, assess functional skills by coaches)
6. RTP

Front 15

Predictors of prolonged recovery after concussion?

Back 15

-previous concussion
-Greater number, severity, and duration of symptoms
-youth athlete
-ADD, mood disorders, learning disorders

Front 16

Balance after concussion: sensitive or specific?

Nuerophysiological testing?

Back 16

More specific, meaning good balance take with a grain of salt

More sensitive

Front 17

What if symptoms return during a graded RTP progression?

Back 17

Stop
Restart from preceding symptom-free step