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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aortic aneurysm
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diagnosis of enlarged aorta; due to a weakened aortic wall
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Aortic dissection
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diagnosis in which the arterial wall splits apart
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Aortic rupture
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diagnosis which the arterial wall breaks open as could happen in aortic dissection, ruptured aortic aneurysm trauma
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Aortic valve
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a heart valve b/w the LV and ascending aorta
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Atrial fibrillation
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irregular beating of the atria; indicates that the sinus node is not conducting a normal sinus rhythm; "a fib"
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Atrial flutter
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irregular beating of the atria; often described as "a flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block"
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Atrial septal defect "An ASD"
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a hole in the atrial septum that causes blood to mix b/w the RA and LA
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Atrial septum
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heart tissue that separates the RA from the LA
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Atrioventricular node "AV node"
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the atrioventricular node; receives the electrical activity from the SA node and conducts it to the ventricular bundles: the right bundle and the left bundle
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Axis
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the direction of the vector of cardiac electrical activity
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Bradycardia
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slow HR<60 bpm
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Cardiac Angiogram
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X-ray image of the coronary vessels that stand out when dye is injected into them during a cardiac catherization; done by a cardiologist using fluoro
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Cardiac Catheterization
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an invasive test for heart disease performed in the "cath lab" by a cardiologist who inserts an angiocatheter into a large artery
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Cardiac ischemia
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decreased blood flow through the coronary vessels and to the heart; usually diagnosed by ST segment depressions on EKG
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Cardiac Stent
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a device that is deployed into a blocked coronary artery in order to open it and restore blood flow
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Cardiomegaly
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enlarged heart
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Cardiomyopathy
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dysfunctional heart muscle
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Complete heart block
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a complete block in the electrical conduction at the AV node; therefore the atria and the ventricles beat independently of each other
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Coronary artery
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an artery that supplies the heart muscle w/blood; there are the right coronary artery "the RCA," the left main coronary artery "the left main," the circumflex coronary artery "the LAD" and many branches coming from each know as marginal coronary arteries.
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Dilated Cardiomyopathy
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dysfunctional heart muscle b/c of an enlarged heart
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Echocardiogram
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ultrasound of the heart
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Ectopy
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an abnormal beat seen on EKG
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Electrical cardioversion
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cardioverting (restoring normal sinus rhythm) the electrical activity of the heart by placing pads or paddles onto the chest and literally "electrically shocking" the heart
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Electrocardiogram
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measurement of the electrical activity of the heart; measured with a certain number of leads, often a "3 lead" or a "12 lead"
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Electrical leads
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a wire placed on top of the chest that records electrical activity from a specific area in the heart; there are up to 12 leads
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Exercise stress test
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a test for cardiac disease performed by having the patient run on a treadmill while hooked up to 12 electrical leads that monitor the electrical activity
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Extra systoles
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extra beats of the heart
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Friction rub
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a crunch sound heard over the heart when ausculating ; indicates inflammation of the heart sac known as pericarditis
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Gallop
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extra heart sound resembling sound of galloping horse
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Irregularly irregular
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usually atrial fibrillation
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Irregular rate
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a rate that is more than 100 or less than 60 beats per minute
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Irregular Rhythm
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not a normal sinus rhythm; in other words,
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JVD
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jugular venous distention
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Left Atrium "the LA"
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Chamber in the heart receives blood from the pulmonary veins
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Left Ventricle "the LV"
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Chamber in the heart receives blood from the left atrium
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Mitral Valve
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A heart valve b/w the LA and the LV
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Murmur
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abnormal heart sound, rated on scale 1-6
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Myocardial infarction
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diagnosis of dead cardiac muscle tissue that occurs when blood flow through the coronary artery is obstructed; "had and M I"
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Myocardium
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heart muscle
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Myocarditis
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inflammation of the heart muscle
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PAC
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pre-atrial contraction
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PR interval
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the amount of time elapsed from the beginning of the P- wave and the beginning of the R wave on the EKG
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PVC
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pre ventricular contraction
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Pericardial tamponade
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diagnosis due to fluid in the pericardium that exerts pressure on the heart and hampers its ability to contract normally
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Pericardiocentesis
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procedure in which a needle is used to drain fluid from the pericardium; done emergently in cases of pericardial tamponade
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centesis
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perforation or tapping, as with a trocar or needle.
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Pericarditis
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inflammation of the pericardium evidenced on physical exam by the presence of a friction rub on heart auscultation
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Pericardium
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the sac in which the heart is located "the heart sac"
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Persantine-thallium test
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a test for cardiac disease performed on patients who cannot complete an exercise stress test (for example the patient may not be able to run on a treadmill) The injection of persantine and thallium done by the daprtment of nuclear medicine is followed by x-rays
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Pulmonary artery
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the artery from the heart to the lungs
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Pulmonic valve
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a heart valve b/w the RV and the Pulmonary Artery
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QRS interval
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the amount of time elapsed from the beginning of the Q wave to the end of the S wave
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QT interval
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the amount of time elapsed from the beginning of the Q wave to the beginning of the T wave
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Regular rate
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a rate that is less than 100 and more than 60 beats per minute; in other words, not tachycardia nor bradycardia [60<reg.rt.<100]
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Regular rhythm
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normal sinus rythm
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Right atrium "the RA"
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chamber in the heart receives blood from IVC and SVC
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Right bundle branch block (RBBB)
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"RBBB" a block in the electical conduction through the right bundle; evidenced as the presence of "rabbit ears" in leads V1 and V2 on EKG
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Right ventricle "the RV"
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chamber in the heart receives blood from the right atrium
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Sinoatrial node "SA node"
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the sinoatrial node; originates the electrical signal and sends it to the AV node
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STEMI
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ST elevation myocardial infarction; when the EKG shows "ST segment elevation" it indicates an "acute MI." A patient with a STEMI provokes rapid action b/w the ED and the cardiologist to get the patient to the cath lab for an emergent cardiac catherization and cardiac stent placement
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N-STEMI
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a non-segment elevation MI is a heart attack that is not diagnosed on the EKG but is diagnosed by an elevated troponin on blood test
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Stridor
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upper airway noise heard on respiration, common in croup
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SVT
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supraventricular tachycardia
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Tachycardia
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fast HR>100 bpm
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Tachypnea
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increased respiratory rate >20
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Tricuspid valve
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a heart valve b/w the RA and the RV
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U wave
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a wave that appears after the T wave; infrequently seen
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Valvular vegetation
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an infectious growth on the cardiac valves
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Ventricular fibrillation
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irregular beating of the ventricles; this is a terminal event that requires immediate electrical cardioversion
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Ventricular septal defect "A VSD"
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a hole in the ventricular septum that causes blood to mix b/w the RV and LV
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Ventricular septum
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Heart tissue that separates the RV from the LV
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Ventricular wall thrombus
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a blood clot that attaches to the inside wall of the ventricle; pieces of the thrombus can break off and spread to anywhere in the body leading to infarctions
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