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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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_______ ________ is the process of defining what works is required and then making sure all of that work and only that work is done.
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Scope management
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You must plan, __ ______, how you will determine the scope, as well as how you will manage and control scope.
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in advance
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Scope must be _____, ___, and _______ ______ before work starts.
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- defined
- clear - formally approved |
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________ ______ can take a substantial amount of time, especially on large projects that may require you to obtain requirements from hundreds of people.
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Requirements gathering
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A __________ ________ _____ is used on all projects. A side benefit of this tool is that you may find additional scope when you create it.
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Work breakdown structure
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_____ ______ is not allowed.
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Gold plating
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Any change to scope must be evaluated for its effect on...
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- time
- cost - risk - quality - resources - customer satisfaction |
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No changes to scope are allowed without an...
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approved change request.
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Scope changes should not be approved if they relate to work that does not...
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fit within the project charter
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Collect Requirements is done during the _____ process group.
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Planning
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Define scope is done during the _____ process group
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Planning
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Create WBS is done during the _______ process group
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Planning
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Verify scope is done during the _________ process group
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Monitoring and controlling
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Control scope is done during the ________ process group
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Monitoring and controlling
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_________ _________ is another way to say "requirements that relate to the product of the project."
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Product scope
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________ _______ is the work the project will do to deliver the product scope or product of the project.
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Project scope
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To determine if the project scope has been completed on a project, it is measured against the..
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project management plan
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Scope management involves managing both _____ ____ and _______ _______.
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product scope and project scope
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The _______ ______ plan is included in integration management as an output of the Develop Project Management Plan process.
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Scope Management Plan
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The 1st part of the scope management plan describes...
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how the scope will be defined.
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The PMBOK Gude describes the scope management process as:
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1. Determining requirements, making sure all requirements support the business need of the proejct as described in the charter.
2. Sort through and balance the needs of stakeholders to determine product scope and project scope. 3. Create a WBS to break the scope down to samller, more manageable pieces 4. Verify that the scope of work planned is actually being done 5. Measure scope performance, and adjust as needed. |
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Make sure all requirements support the ____ _____ of the project as described in charter.
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business needs
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__________ are what stakeholders need from a project or product.
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Requirements
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Requirements should realate to...
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solving problems or achieving objectives.
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The _____ _______ process involves gathering more specific input on those requirements from all stakeholders.
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Collect Requirements
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_______ ________ helps get a specific set of stakeholders or subject matter experts opinions and requirements for the product or on an aspect of the project. The conversation is directed by a moderator.
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Focus Groups
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________ _______ bring together stakeholders with different perscpectives (e.g. product designers and end users) to talk about the product, and ultimately, arrive at concensuss regarding the requirements.
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Facilitated Workshops
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________ _________ _________ is usually done during the same meeting as brainstorming session. The meeting participants rank the most useful ideas generated during the brainstorming session.
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Nominal Group Technique
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____________ ___________, with this technique, a request for information is sent to experts who participate anonymously, their responses are compiled, and the results are sent back to them for further review until consensus is reached.
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Delphi Technique
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a ________ ________ is a diagram of ideas or notes to help generate, classify, or record information. It looks like several trees radiating out of a central core word. Colors, pictures, and notations can be used to make the diagram more readable.
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Mind Maps
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______ _______, in this technique, the ideas generated from any other requirements gathering techniques are sorted into groups by similarities. Each group of requiremnts is then given a title. This sorting it easier to see additional scope (or risks) that have not been identified.
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Affinity Diagrams
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__________ and ______ are typically used for larger groups. These tools present questions that help identify requirements from the respondents.
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Questions and Surveys
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______ involves job shadowing __ wathing a potential user of the product at work and, in some cases, participating in the work to hlep identify requirements.
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Observation
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A ________ is a model of a proposed product. In this technique, the ______ is presented to stakeholers for feedback and may be updated several times to incorporate feedback until the requirements have been solidified for the product.
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prototype
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When there are conflicting opinions, groups may take a majority approach. With this technique, the group chooses the decision that more than half of its members support. If ther is no majority opinion, the group may go with the decision that has the largest number of supporters. This is know as the _______ technique
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plurality
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______ _______ is an output of the Collect Requirements process and helps make sure the requirements are clear and unambiguous.
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Requirements Documentation
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Part of balancing stakeholder requirements involves making suret the requirements can be met within the...
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project objectives
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Balacning stakeholder requirements also involves priortizing requirements and ...
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resolving any conflicts between them
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The project manager should facilitate the resolution of competing requirements by accepting those that best comply with...
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- the business case stating the reason the project was initiated
- The project charter - The project scope statement - The project constraints |
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Bring suggested changes to the project charter to the _______ attention for approval
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sponsor's
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In addition to describing the methods to use to identify requirements, the ____ ______ plan should answer the following questions:
ONce I have all the requirements, what will I do to analysze, prioritize, manage, and track changes to them?" |
Requirements Plan
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The ______ _____ _____ helps track the requirements over the life of the project to ensure they are accomplished.
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Requirements Traceability Matrix
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The ___ ______ process is primarily concerned with what is and is not included in the project and its deliverables.
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Define Scope
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The _______ _____ process uses the requirements documentation created in the Collect Requirements process, the project charter, and any information about project risks, assumptions, and constraints to define the project and product scope.
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Define Scope
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Planning is _______.
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iterative
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Project manager complain about unrealistic schedules and do not realize that unrealistic schedules are _______ fault because they have followed the iterations process described in the previous paragraphs.
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their
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Project managers spend a large portion of their time, while the work is being done...
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looking for options to adjust the project and still make the project schedule or budget.
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The purpose of ____ _____ is to analyze the objectives and description of the product stated by the customer or sponsor and turn them into tangible deliverables.
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product analysis
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The primary result, or output, of the Define Scope process is the ...
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project scope statement
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The _______ ______ may include:
- product scope - project scope - deliverables - product acceptance-criteria - what is not part of the project - constrains and assumptions |
project scope statement
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_________ are factors that limit team's options, such as limits on resources, budget, schedule, and scope.
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Constraints
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________ are things that are assumed to be true but that may not be true.
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Assumptions
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Constraints and assumptions are identified and then...
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managed
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Assumption analysis is part of the _____ ___ process
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risk management
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A WBS is __ oriented.
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deliverable
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What many people refer to as a "task" in the real world is called an "________" on the exam.
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activity
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The WBS is created with the help of...
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the team
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The _______ ____ of the WBS is completed before the project is broken down further.
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first
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Each level of the WBS is a _____.
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smaller piece of the level above.
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Deliverables not in ______ are not part of the project.
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WBS
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______ ___ are reached when they include deliverables that:
- can be realistically and confidently estimated - completed quickly - completed without interruption - may be outsourced or contracted out |
Work packages
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The _____ is the foundation of the project.
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WBS
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Almost everything that occurs in the planning process group after creation of the WBS is directly related to the _______.
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WBS
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WBS ______ _____ show depencies.
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does not
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__________ is what you are going to do.
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Decomposition
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A project manager uses WBS to __________ ________ _______, rather than just dealing with scope creep through the use of management skills and constant inspection.
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prevent scope creep
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The ______ ____ is an output of the Create WBS Process.
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WBS dictionary
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THe ______ ____ can be used to control what work is done when, to prevent scope creep, and to increase understanding of the effort for each work package.
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WBS dictionary
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The __ ___ is the agreed-upon project scope statement.
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Scope baseline
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A project manager's measurement of success include whether the project has met the requirements and ...
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whether the scope baseline has been met
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The _______ _____ process actually involves frequent, planned-in meetings with the customer or sponsor to gain formal acceptance of deliverables during monitoring and control.
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Verify Scope
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Verify scope is done to help ensure the project is on track from the ____________ point of view.
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customer's
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The outputs of the verify scope include...
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- accepted deliverables
- change requests - project document updates |
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_______ ________ results in formal acceptance by the customer of interim deliverables.
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Verify Scope Process
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__ ____ _ gets final acceptance or sign-off from the customer for the project as a whole.
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Close Project Phase or Process
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Verify scope can be done..
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at the end of each project phase in the project life cycle and during the monitoring and controlling process group in the project management process
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____ _______ ______ is done before verify scope to make sure the work meets requrements before meeting with the customer.
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Perform Quality Control
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In Perform Quality Control, the ________ ________ _____ checks to see if the quality requirements specified fore the deliverables are met and makes sure the work is correct.
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quality control department
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In Verify Scope, the _____ checks and hopefully accepts the deliverables.
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customer
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The _____ ______ process involves measuring project and product scope performance and managing scope baseline changes.
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Control Scope
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Control Scope process is extremely _____.
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proactive
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A WBS numbering system allows the project staff to:
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identify the level at which individual elements are found.
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The WBS can BEST be thought of as an effective aid for _____ communications.
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Stakeholder
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What is the KEY output of Verify Scope Process?
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customer acceptance of project deliverables
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During project executing, a team member comes to the project manager because he is not sure of what work needs to be accomplished on the project. What document contains detailed description of work packages?
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WBS dictionary
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During what part of the project management process is the project scope statement created?
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Planning
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The program was planned years ago, before there was a massive introduction of new technology. While planning the next project in this program, the project manager has expanded scope management plan because a project becomes more complex, the level of uncertainty in the scope:
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increases
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During a meeting with some of the project stakeholders, the project manager is asked to add work to the project scope. The PM had access to correspondence about the project before t he project charter was signed and remembers that the project sponsor specifically denied funding for the scope mentioned by these stakholders. The BEST thing for the PM to do is to:
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Tell the stakeholders the scope can not be added
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A new PM is being mentored by a more experianced certified PMP. the ne PM is having difficulty finding enough time to manage the project because the producat and project scope are being progressively elaborated. The PMP-certified PM mentions that the basic tools for project management, such as a WBS, can be used during project executing to assist the project manager. For what can a WBS be used?
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Communicating with the customer.
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During a project team meeting, a team member suggests an enhancement to the scope that is beyond the scope of the project charter. The project manager points out that the team needs to concentrate on completing all the work and only the work required. This is an example of...
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Scope Management
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When should the Verify Scope process be done?
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At the end of each phase of the project.
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The project is mostly complete. The project has a schedule varainace of 300 and a cost variance of -900. All but one of the quality control inspections have been completed and all have met the quality requirements. All items in the issue log have been resolved. Many of the resources have been released. The sponsor is about to call a meeting to obtain product verification when the customer notifies the project manager that they want to make a major change tothe scope. The project manager should...
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Ask the customer for a description of the change
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You have just joined the PMO after five years of working on projects. One of the things you want to introduce to your company is the need to create and utilize WBSs. Some of the PMs are angry that you are asking them to do "extra work." What would be the BEST thing you could tell the project managers to convince them to use WBS?
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Tell them it will prevent work from slipping through the cracks.
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A new project manage has aked you for advice on creating a WBS. After you explain the process to her, she asks you what software she should use to create the WBS and what she should do with it when she is finished creating it. You might respond that it is not the picture that is the most valuable result of creating a WBS. It is:
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Team buy-in
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To manage a project effectively, work should be broken down into small pieces. What describes how far to decompose the work?
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- Until it has a meaningful conclusion
- Until it cannot be logically subdivided further - Until it can be reaslistically estimated |
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A project manager may use _______ to make sure the team members clearly know what work is included in each of their work packages.
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A WBS dictionary
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A project manager has just been assigned to a new project and has been given the project charter. The FIRST thing the project manager must do is...
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Confirm that all the stakeholders have had input into the scope
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The construction phase of a new software product is near completion. The next phases are testing and implementation. The project is two weeks ahead of schedule. What should the project manager be MOST concerned with before moving on to the final phase?
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Verify scope, it deals with acceptance by the customer. Without this acceptance, you not be able to move into the next project phase.
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You are managing a six-month project and have held biweekly meetings with you project stakeholders. After five and half months of work, the project is on schedule and budget, but the stakeholders are not satisfied with the deliverables. This situation will delay the project completion by one month. The MOST important process that could have prevented this situation is:
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Define scote, Good planning reduces the likelihood of a situation like the one described by inlcuding the right people and spending adequate time in clarifying the project scope.
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The parts of the scope baseline include:
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Project scope statement
WBS WBS dictionary |
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One of the stakeholders on the project contacts the project manager to discuss some additional scope they would like to add to the project. The project manager asks for details in writing and then works through the Control Scope process. What shoud the project manager do NEXT when the evaluaton of the requested scope is complete?
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Complete integrated change control
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During the completion of project work, the sponsor asks the project manager to report on how the project is going? In order to prepare the report, the project manager asks all the team members what % complete their work is. There is one team member who has been hard to manage from the begining. In response to being asked what % complete he is, the team member asks, "Percent complete of what?" Being tired of such comments, the project manager reports to the team member's boss that the team member is not cooperating. Whch of the following is MOST liekly the real problem?
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The project manager does not have the work packages
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The preperation of scope baseline can BEST be described as involving:
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The project team, after the custome's input, the performing organization's project team is responsible for scope baseline preparations.
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What is an output of the Collect Requirements process?
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Requirements traceability matrix
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A scope change has been suggested by one of the stakeholders on the project. After careful consideration and a lot of arguing, the change control board has decided to reject the change. What should the project manager do?
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Record the change request and it's result
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A project manager's scope management efforts are being audited. The cost performance index (CPI) on the project is 1.13, and the benefits cost ration is 1.2. The project scope was created by the team and stakeholders. Requiremnts on the project have been changing througout the project. No matter what the project manager has tried to accomplish in managing the project, what is he MOST liekly to face in the future?
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Not being able to measure completion of the project scope. Since the requirements are a measure of the completion of the product of the project, not having completed requirements makes such a measurement impossible.
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Verify scope is closely related to:
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Perform qualtiy control
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What can create the MOST misinterpretation in the project scope statement?
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imprecise language, it will lead to differing interpretations
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What is CORRECT in regqard to Control Scope Process?
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The Scope Control process must be integrated with other control processes, the controll processes does not act in isolation. A change to one will mostl likely affect the others.
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What BEST describes the Verify Scope process?
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It ensures customer acceptance, shows that the deliverable meets specifications, and provides a chacne for differences of opinion to come to light.
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