Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Name 4 infectious agents that can possibly start the process of atherosclerosis.
|
CMV (cytomegalovirus)
Herpes virus H. Pylori bacteria Chlamydia pneumonia bacteria They can incite a chronic inflammatory process that leads to atherosclerosis |
|
|
What are the 2 main types of arteriolosclerosis and what are the differences?
|
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis - plasma protein leakage across injured endothelial cells and increased smooth muscle cell matrix synthesis cause pink hyaline thickening w/ luminal narrowing. Associated with diabetes and hypertension.
Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis - Occurs in malignant hypertension. Has an onion-like appearance caused by smooth muscle cells with thickened, reduplicated basement membranes and proliferation of endothelial cells |
|
|
What are the 3 hypotheses regarding how atherosclerosis occurs?
|
1) Response to endothelial injury
2) Oliogoclonaility 3) Infection |
|
|
What are some causes for secondary hypertension?
|
Pheochromocytoma (tumor in the adrenal medulla that secretes norepi)
Conn's disease (primary aldosteronism) Renal disease Cushings (high cortisol) |
|
|
What defines malignant hypertension?
|
Diastolic over 120 mmHg
|
|
|
What are the 3 main mechanisms of vasculitis?
|
1) Immune-mediated inflammation
2) Attack of the vessel walls by pathogens 3) Injury by trauma, radiation, toxins, etc |
|
|
Which HLA is typically involved with giant-cell (temporal) arteritis?
|
HLA-DR4
|
|
|
How do you diagnose and treat temporal arteritis?
|
Dx: Biopsy
Tx: Corticosteroids |
|
|
What are some of the typical clinical features of temporal arteritis?
|
Diplopia (double vision)
Unilateral temporal pain Palpable nodules Increased ESR Polymyalgia rheumatica Other Signs: jaw claudication, throat pain; thoracic pain, fever, weight loss |
|
|
What antigen would you expect to see in 30% of Polyarteritis Nodosa?
|
HBsAg
It's associated with Hep B infections |
|
|
T/F: There is an association between PAN (Polyarteritis Nodosa) and ANCA (anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody)
|
False. ANCA is negative in PAN
|
|
|
How do you achieve a firm diagnosis of PAN?
|
Biopsy will show fibriinoid necrosis
|
|
|
What's another name for Buerger's disease?
|
Thromboangiitis obliterans
|
|
|
Who is most at risk for Buerger's disease?
|
Heavy smokers, men, usually before 35 years of age
|
|
|
What are two other names for deep vein thrombosis?
|
Thrombophlebitis
Phlebothrombosis |
|
|
What type of hemangioma is the "strawberry type" or junvenile hemangioma?
|
Capillary hemangioma.
It completely regresses by age 7 in 75% to 90% of cases. |
