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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pulmonary HTN - give definition, etiology, complications and clinical presentation
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Definition: > 25 mm Hg mean pressure in pulmonary veins, arteries or capillaries
Etiology: Idiopathic, familial, disease related (scleroderma, HIV, etc), atrial or ventricular disease, mitral stenosis, COPD, interstitial lung disease, chronic high-altitude exposure Complications: cardiogenic shock Clinical: dyspnea, dizziness, fainting, dry cough, angina; all worse with exertion; peripheral edema |
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Systemic HTN - what are the levels of systolic and diastolic?
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Normal: Systolic < 120; Diastolic < 80
Stage I: Systolic 140-159; Diastolic 90-99 Stage II: Systolic >=160; Diastolic >= 100 |
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3 types of angina pectoris and characteristics of each.
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Stable: Brought on by exercise or stress; usually due to stenosis of coronary vessels
Unstable: Can be at rest; can precipitate acute MI Prinzmetal (variant): Often occurs in women < 50; occurs in early morning and has ST segment elevation as opposed to depression in the other 2 during attacks; usually due to coronary spasm of RCA All 3 will be relieved by nitroglycerin |
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What microorganism is responsible for acute endocarditis? For subacute?
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Staph aureus causes acute endocarditis
Subacute is caused by a less virulent organism, like Strep viridans and tends to occur in patients with a previously damaged valve. |
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What syndrome is associated with mitral valve prolapse?
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Marfan syndrome
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What type of hypersensitivity reaction is rheumatic heart disease?
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Type II
It occurs after a Strep pyogenes infection when the strep antibodies cross-react with the heart tissue |
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Name the type of cardiomyopathy (dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive): can be caused by amyloidosis or hemochromatosis
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Restrictive - the myocardium is infiltrated with a material that results in impaired ventricular filling
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Compare and contrast the 3 different cardiomyopathies (dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive).
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Dilated: Most common cardiomyopathy; Commonly due to alcohol abuse or myocarditis; all chambers are dilated; low ejection fraction
Hypertrophic: Most common cause of sudden death in young individuals; autosomal dominant in familial form; left ventricle is noncompliant and restricts filling Restrictive: Can be caused by amyloidosis, hemochromatosis; progressive LHF and RHF |
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Is myocarditis usually caused by viral, bacterial or parasite infections?
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Usually viral. Coxsackie is common; also Rickettsia. Can be bacterial. Corynebacterium diphtheriae directly kills heart cells, for example. Can be parasite if immunocompromised (toxoplasmosis, trichinosis)
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What are the 3 types of arterosclerosis?
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Medial calcification (Monckenberg) - usually benign; involves calcification in the tunica media
Atherosclerosis - occurs most commonly in abdominal aorta, coronary artery, popliteal artery, internal carotid artery Arteriolosclerosis - |
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What degenerative disorder of the CNS is associated with Lewy bodies (intracellular inclusion composed of alpha-synuclein)?
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Parkinson's
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What degenerative disorder is an autosomal dominant trinucleotide repeat disorder?
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Huntington's
Expansion of CAG repeates C = Caudate loses A = ACh and G = Gaba |
